Explain Anselms Ontological Argument Essay Example for Free

Explain Anselms Ontological Argument Essay Anselm wanted to prove the existence of God, so he proposed the ontological argument. The ontological argument is deductive, and uses a priori reasoning. This means that it starts with a statement that is known to be true solely through definition (God is the greatest conceivable being) and develops the implications of this statement in order to reach a reasonable conclusion. The deductive reasoning allows him to simply showing what the definition means. Hence, Anselm states that God exists in the mind, even the mind of those who deny His existence. However he points out that it is greater to exist in reality and in the mind than in the mind alone. Take for example; a pile of notes worth  £1000. If it exists in the mind it is merely a pleasant thought, however, if it exists in reality it can be spent and is greater. Since God is the greatest conceivable being, He must exist in reality and in the mind, because to think otherwise involves contradiction of the theory, which you agree with. Anselm also says that God could possibly be a contingent God, who is dependent on something else for existence. If this was true God would not be worthy of worship and would not be the greatest conceivable being. A necessary God, one whose non existence is impossible, is greater than a contingent God whose non existence is possible. God has no creator, so to have to have someone else to depend on for existence, means they are not God. Therefore, we must accept that god is also necessary, as well as existant in reality, because to think otherwise involves a contradiction. The reason for people being able to deny the existence of God is due to them knowing the definition of the word God, not the existence of God.

An Analysis of Coleridges Kubla Kahn Essay -- Coleridge Kubla Khan Es

An Analysis of Coleridge's "Kubla Kahn"      Ã‚   Although the form of "Kubla Kahn" is beautiful, it is complex. The rhyming patterns are quite complicated; the first stanza, for instance, rhymes in the pattern abaab ccdede. Coleridge's patterns of alliteration are also involved: He will sometimes use the sound at the beginning of one syllable as the sound at the beginning of the next syllable, as in "Xanadu did" in line one, "miles meandering" in line 25, and "deep delight" in line 44. He also alliterates vowels, not only consonants, to produce a rhythmic singsong effect.    Although the form and the beautiful language in "Kubla Kahn" were all that I could appreciate when I first read the poem, I have since come to realize that the poem has a complex symbolic pattern, as well. My own analysis may seem to be paltry when faced with the fact that there have been thousands of criticisms of this poem published, some comprising entire volumes. But the very quantity of criticism may serve as an argument that any interpretation of the poem is really an investigation of the writer of the criticism. That is to say, the poem has no outward meaning, or at least that the meaning put in by the author is of secondary importance. The subtitle of "Kubla Kahn" reads "Or a Vision in a Dream." Dreams may or may not have symbolic meaning, but it is doubtful that anyone intentionally designed symbolic meaning specifically for an individual dream.    My reading of "Kubla Kahn" depends on a biographical detail from Coleridge's life. Coleridge was an opium addict for years, and Appelbaum, an editor of a collection of romantic poetry, claims that "some of his [Coleridge's] poems reflect the anguish this caused." (Appelbaum viii) Coleridge... ...s a change in the author's attitude. Whereas he may have previously been supposed to be merely an opium visionary -- a weak person who lives outside the everyday reality that the rest of us inhabit -- he is revealed here to be a creator, a strong individual, as well. Coleridge is here identifying himself with Kubla Kahn. The Kahn decreed a stately pleasure dome, while Coleridge created a poem that is equated with the dome. "Kubla Kahn" is Coleridge's attempt to rise above what many people assume drug addicts to be and to show himself to be a strong creator, on a level with an emperor who founded of a great dynasty.    Works Cited: Coleridge, Samuel Taylor. "Kubla Kahn" in The McGraw-Hill Book of Poetry. Ed. Kraft Rompf and Robert DiYanni. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1993. Appelbaum, Stanley, Ed. English Romantic Poetry: An Anthology. Mineola: Dover, 1996.

Field Work, Non-Verbal Communication Essay

A few days ago I took a trip to my local mall and took a seat at the food court. My objective was to observe individuals engaging in non-verbal communication and document what I witnessed. After only a few minutes I became aware of a couple sitting within public distance, about 15-20ft away from me. They were having an argument about how the male was being cold and unaffectionate. While observing them I realized they were using various gestures while arguing. I will inform you of what type they were and what they were conveying. During the argument, both individuals demonstrated affect displays. These are facial expressions motivated by emotion such as a smile or frown. The female had a frown on her face to demonstrate that she was sad and discontent while informing the male that she was feeling lack of affection him. The male had what I can best describe as a half smile; imagine half of the mouth engaging in a smile while the opposite half stays normal. He also kept looking around and rolling his eyes. These indicate that he believes that the female’s thoughts are unimportant or that they may be incorrect and he believes that he indeed is affectionate. Illustrators were used by the female. Illustrators are gestures that complement our words such as pointing when giving directions. While talking about the male’s lack of affection, she constantly pointed at him with her index finger to further enhance the fact that she was talking about him. When describing how she felt, she would put her hand over her chest for the purpose of indicating that she is talking about how she feels. When the male finally decided he was going to speak, he used regulators. Regulators are gestures that may prolong or terminate the conversation such as looking at your watch, walking away or nodding and leaning forward. He raised his hand with the purpose of making the female stop talking so he could say something. The female felt that the gesture was disrespectful and noted it verbally, then continued talking about the issue as if what he had to say could wait. The male used another regulator; he leaned forward and opened his mouth. The purpose of this was to communicate to the female that he would like her to stop talking so he could say something. After the male verbally communicated that he doesn’t believe that he is being cold and unaffectionate, the female used an emblem. Emblems are gestures that have a direct verbal translation and can stand alone such as the â€Å"ok† sign. She twisted her head to the right and then to the left repeatedly indicated â€Å"No, I disagree with you†. The male put his hand out in front of him, palms facing up and tilted his head up, this combination of gestures is usually translated into â€Å"what? † or â€Å"why? †, in this situation, it means â€Å"why? †. Near the end of this argument, a couple of adaptors were utilized. Adaptors are gestures that make you feel more comfortable in a communication situation such as twirling your hair or tapping your fingers. While the female mentioned various situations where the male is unaffectionate she puts her elbows on the table and massages the sides of her head with her hands, I believe she did this to relief tension she was feeling from the argument in order to feel more comfortable. The male decided that her reasons for feeling that he is unaffectionate are legitimate. While verbally communicating that he agrees with her and he will make changes, the female reaches her hand out and holds his, further seeking comfort now that the argument has been settled. In conclusion, it is evident that non-verbal communication is constantly happening around us, all we have to do is look for it. As you read, by simply sitting down at the local mall’s food court I was able to observe a couple using the five different types of gestures which are: emblems, illustrators, affect displays, regulators and adaptors. Most of them occurred multiple times during the argument I was observing. After understanding that different types of gestures, it is very easy to identify them in everyday life.

Confucianism and the Chinese View of Life Essay - 3835 Words

The superior man, when resting in safety, does not forget that danger may come. When in a state of security he does not forget the possibility of ruin. When all is orderly, he does not forget that disorder may come. Thus his person is not endangered, and his States and all their clans are preserved.† – Confucius -- Confucianism created the Chinese view of life. The Confucian view is based on the ancient Chinese tradition. It can be stated that the view of Confucius and that of the Chinese began in the same place ( Bush, 15). In subsequent centuries Confucius’ teachings exerted a powerful influence on the Chinese nation. Therefore, the history that surrounds both Confucius as well as Confucianism is relevant to how many eastern†¦show more content†¦During the four years immediately after his marriage, poverty forced him to perform unskilled labors for the chief of the district in which he lived (Mungello 78). Then in 527 B.C., Confucius’ mother died. After a period of mourning he began his career as a teacher. He usually traveled and instructed the small body of disciples that gathered around him. His reputation as a man of learning and character and his reverence for Chinese ideals and customs soon spread through the principality of Lu ( Bush, 23). Confucius was a master teacher, who was concerned with thought and action that could be potentially bring order and harmony. Confucius was said to have attracted three thousand students, of who seventy-two of which were his closest disciples. Together they mastered the six rituals including music, archery, charioteering, literature, and mathematics (DeVous and Slote, 9). Living as he did in the second half of the Chou dynasty, Confucius deplored the contemporary disorder and lack of moral standards. He came to believe that the only remedy was to convert people once more to the principles and precepts of the sages of ancient times ( Bush, 18). Therefore, he lectured to his students on the ancient classics. He taught the great value of power of example. Confucius said that rulers could only be great if they themselves lead perfect lives. If they willing to be guided by moral principles, their states would inevitablyShow MoreRelatedConfucianism : A Great Chinese Thinker And Philosopher Who Lived During The Warring States1206 Words   |  5 PagesRainey 18 June 2015 Ancient China Confucianism Who was Confucius? Confucius was a great Chinese thinker and philosopher who lived during the Warring States Period from 551-479 BCE. He was born in 551 BC, in Zou, Lu state in a family that was in between common people and aristocrats. He never held a high-class job, only working as a shepherd, cowherd, clerk, and a book-keeper. His mother died when he was 23 and he then mourned for three years, an Ancient Chinese tradition. 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Santiago Calatrava, Biography of the Architect Engineer

Famous for his bridges and train stations, Spanish modernist Santiago Calatrava (born July 28, 1951) combines artistry with engineering. His graceful, organic structures have been compared to the works of Antonio Gaudà ­. Fast Facts: Santiago Calatrava Known For: Spanish architect, structural engineer, sculptor and painter, particularly known for his bridges supported by single leaning pylons as well as his railway stations, stadiums, and museums, whose sculptural forms often resemble living organisms.Born: July 28, 1951Education: Valencia Arts School, Valencia Architecture School (Spain), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zurich, SwitzerlandAwards and Honors: London Institution of Structural Engineers Gold Medal, Toronto Municipality Urban Design Award, Gold Medal for Excellence in the Fine Arts from the Granada Ministry of Culture, Prince of Asturias Award in Arts, AIA Gold Medal, Spanish National Architecture Award Important Projects 1989-1992: Alamillo Bridge, Seville, Spain1991: Montjuic Communications Tower, at the 1992 Olympic site in Barcelona, Spain1996: City of Arts and Sciences, Valencia, Spain1998: Gare do Oriente Station, Lisbon, Portugal2001: Milwaukee Art Museum, Quadracci Pavilion, Milwaukee, Wisconsin2003: Ysios Wine Estate Laguardia, Spain2003: Tenerife Concert Hall in Santa Cruz, Tenerife, Canary Islands2004: Olympic Sports Complex, Athens, Greece2005: The Turning Torso, Malmà ¶, Sweden2009: Train Station, Lià ¨ge, Belgium2012: Margaret McDermott Bridge, Trinity River Corridor Bridges, Dallas, Texas2014: Innovation, Science and Technology (IST) Building, Lakeland, Florida2015: Museu do Amanhà £ (The Museum of Tomorrow), Rio de Janeiro2016: World Trade Center Transportation Hub, New York City Career Highlights A renowned architect, engineer, and sculptor, Santiago Calatrava received an AIA commemorative gold medallion in 2012 as one of the 15 Architects of Healing for his transportation hub design, the new train and subway station at the World Trade Center site in New York City. Calling Calatravas work open and organic, the New York Times declared that the new terminal would evoke the kind of uplifting spirituality that is needed on Ground Zero. Santiago Calatrava is not without his critics. In the world of architecture, Calatrava is typecast as more of an arrogant engineer than a designer. The vision of his aesthetics is often not well-communicated, or perhaps is absent from his designs. More importantly, perhaps, is his well-known reputation of unsupervised workmanship and cost overruns. Many of his projects have ended up in various legal systems as expensive buildings seem to deteriorate quickly into disrepair. It is hard to find a Calatrava project that has not been significantly over budget, reports The New York Times. And complaints abound that he is indifferent to the needs of his clients. Rightfully or not, Calatrava has been placed in the starchitect category, with all of its associated back-biting and egotism. Sources Santiago Calatrava Official Site Santiago Calatrava (unofficial web site)Santiago Calatrava: The Worlds Most Hated Architect? by Karrie Jacobs, Fast Company Design, December 18, 2014Santiago Calatrava, from the Canary Islands to Manhattan Island by Fred A. Bernstein, published in The New York Times, October 26, 2003Its the Architecture, Not The Architect, Im Rooting For by Fred A. Bernstein, published in Architectural Record, December 2013Santiago Calatrava The Bridges by Alexander Tzonis and Rebeca Caso Donadei, 2005Santiago Calatrava: Complete Works, Expanded Edition by Alexander Tzonis, Rizzoli, 2007Transit Hub Design May Be Simplified Analysis of plans for reconstruction in New York City, from the New York Times. A Star Architect Leaves Some Clients Fuming by Suzanne Daley, The New York Times, September 24, 2013

Project Management Of The Mordern Time - 3177 Words

Introduction Project management in the mordern time started in the 1950s and this was motivated by businesses that came to the realisatiion of the benefits of organising work around projects, and the importance of communication and cordination of work across various department and professions. Project management comprises of different task which all have definate beginning and an end, it is believed that its not a continous process and it utilises various tools to measure progress and also to keep note of project tasks. Wesley et al (2003) PMI (2013) sees a methodology as a system of practices, procedures, techniques and rules. With project management methodology it is seen as a documented and discoverable set of policies, process,†¦show more content†¦The information technology mostly known as (IT) which is also a project based industry orientated and it provides services for both private and public organisation particularly, the NHS. Litrature Review Project management in the mordern time started in the 1950s and this was motivated by businesses that came to the realisatiion of the benefits of organising work around projects, and the importance of communication and cordination of work across various department and professions. Project management comprises of different task which all have definate beginning and an end, it is believed that its not a continous process and it utilises various tools to measure progress and also to keep note of project tasks. Wesley et al (2003) PMI (2013) sees a methodology as a system of practices, procedures, techniques and rules. With project management methodology it is seen as a documented and discoverable set of policies, process, pratices, techniques, tools and template that creates support on how project are conducted and run in an organisation. A methodology as described can be large or minimal, it can be simple or complex, it can be rigorous or linear. Stated in phases or for the whole period of the project life cycle Project Management and Project

Diversity in American Families free essay sample

The family in America has come through an elongated way and has evolved a lot ultimately. Liberals and conservatives have their have their diverse views on the American family nowadays. It is extremely tough to bring and organize a family nowadays. Nevertheless, there are a number of easier means to raise a family nowadays as well. Several of the issues that are the subjects of discussion in the evolution of families are divorce and its consequences, welfare, vulgarity on children and wives, and a small number of other resource related matters. The conventional archetype of a family composed of a father, mother and children still holds influence in many parts of America, despite which it now accounts for fewer than 25 percent of the states households. A lot of politicians, clergies and conservative activists hold on to that archetype when they talk in defense of family values. Reports from the Census Bureau shown, that many of all families in America are now headed by unmarried adults. At the present there over 28. 7 million one-person households compared to 24. 1 million households that have a married couples with minor children (U. S. Census Bureau, 2000). Family diversity at the present has become the norm in America. The issues of family diversity have been discussed by various people in various media. On common source of such information is found on Journals with various scholars expressing their view through articles or publishing their research findings. Kataoka, Y. , Merle, R. Clementina, M. (2004). Grandparent care giving role in Filipino American families. Journal of Cultural Diversity. 9. 17. September 22, 2004 In their study carried out in Honolulu, Hawaii, they wanted to explore the role American grandparent in care giving of grandchildren. They found out that the Filipino American grandparents observe care giving role to their grand children as a normative practice rather than a burden in which households take on responsibilities like part of cultural beliefs and customs. Roughly about 6 million grandparents are providing care for their grandchildren (U. S. Census Bureau, 2000). For the majority of grandparents, caring for their grandchildren has turned out to be a around the clock responsibility that has produced numerous stressors and key life changes. Filipino migrants to the U. S. have the top percentage (27%) of grandparents who are taking care of their own grandchildren under the age of 18 years. When the Filipino nuclear family or extended family immigrates to the U. S. , they generally live together as the family is a main source of emotional, ethical, and economic support. A lot of elders become substitute parents and homemakers for the grandchildren while both parents seek employed. The family cooperatively provides an exceptional kind of care for its members from birth to death. Filipinos sturdily identify with their nuclear and extended family and the requirements and welfare of the family is given a priority over those of the individual. Meezan, W. Rauch, J. (1960). Gay Marriage, Same-Sex Parenting, and Americas Children. The Future of Children Volume 15, Number 2, Fall 2005, pp. 97-113 Discussions over the American family is not novel, nevertheless it has taken on extra passion in the recent years as the U. S. Supreme Court stated that homosexual sex can not be outlawed and Canada went on to acknowledge same-sex marriages. Opponents of same-sex marriage in the U. S. were alarmed by the measures. A number of cities, counties and businesses have adopted domestic-partner policies offering rights and benefits to same-sex pairs and in several cases to single heterosexual persons. The California Senate is currently considering a opposing a bill, passed by the state Assembly, that would give same-sex partners almost the similar spousal rights and freedoms as married couples (Meezan, Rauch, 1960). Same –sex marriage have got numerous issues that many find hard to sort and put a good decision on. For instance, many ask the way it will affect the welfare of children. Some people presume that legalizing such marriages would send the point that same-sex parenting and hetero-sex parenting are identical, when actually they may result to dissimilar outcomes for children. Walker, L. J. Hennig, K. (1997). Parent/child relationships in single-parent families. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science. January 1, 1997 It has been speculated that half of all children born in America in the 1990s spend a part of their young age in single-parent families. The U. S. Bureau of the Census shown that the percent of families in America were single parent is the bread winner increased considerably from 18. 5% of homes in 1970 to 27. 7% in 1999. This increase was accounted for by increasing rates of divorce and a rise in the figure of women who give birth to or adopt kids without being in any kind of marital relationships. Women bearing outside of marital relationships comprised of adolescent mothers and rising numbers of older, more well off women, who have chosen to remain as single parents by either out-of-marriage births or adoption. There are cultural differences in the incidence of single-parent homes in America. For instance, in 1999 the percentage of single-parent families was 56 percent among black homes, 32 percent among Hispanic families, and 20 percent among white families. The elevated rates of black single-parent families was linked to the higher rates of out-of-marriage teenagers childbearing amongst this cluster and increased rates of divorce among black women. Hilfer, A. (2003). Marriage and Divorce in America. American Literary History Volume 15, Number 3, Fall 2003, pp. 592-602 One thorny thing about the American family today is divorce. A recap to the past shows that between 1869 and 1888, divorce rates rose up to one hundred and fifty percent, this worsened between 1960 and 1980 increasing to 250%. Divorce rates spiked in 1981 and then began to turn down a little during late 1980s (Hilfer, 2003). Nonetheless, divorce cases at the present are as many as they have been before. At the present, fifty percent of the total number of marriages in America ends in divorce. Researches have given five main reasons for the increase in divorce. The first one is in contemporary societies; personal happiness is viewed to be imperative so when individuals are unhappy with their marriage, they fall apart and split. The second motive is it is simpler to get divorced financially. The third cause is the recent economic independence among women. The fourth reason is the shame of divorce has gone down thus people are not troubled socially. The fifth reason is the amendment of laws, for instance the no fault laws have throw in to the increases in divorce rates. Divorce does not only affect the main parties; husband and wife however leave a hard consequence on children and over one million children undergo their parental divorce each year. The main effect of divorce to children is parental loss; in both resources and skills, of either one parent or both sometimes. Children are generally more social and formulate an emotional adjustment every time their parents are divorced. Lastly one of the far reaching effects is children from divorced marriages in the long run form less relationships, and if they get married then the likelihood of getting a divorce is lofty. Divorce is thing that is common among all families but it is handled in different ways among the families in the line of ethnicity, religion and races. Marriage is not anymore the key way in which societies normalize sexuality and parenting or categorize the division of labor between women and men. OConnor, T. G. , et al. Family Settings and Childrens Adjustment: Differential Adjustment within and across Families. British Journal of Psychiatry 179 (2001): 110–15. Another matter that is rampant in todays world is step families. It is estimated that 60% of divorcees end up marrying for a second time. Almost one third of children born in the 1990’s have lived in a blended family prior to turning eighteen years old. Nowadays more than 40% of marriages in America have step children (OConnor, et al, 2001). Step families are not at all times a bad thing as sometimes they can make a better environment for the kids. Nonetheless, divorce can actually mess up a child and in a case both parents re-marry as the child will have four people to look up to when they are still young and they wont discern who to believe or what to believe. A key problem with step families is that occasionally a child can be neglected by the step families and grows a distressful life. An additional noticeably insignificant but a real substantial problem with American family is welfare. Since the year 1996, the welfare scheme was changed, for the reason that welfare was becoming a huge burden on tax payers. There were numerous problems for instance, women were given a token to have kids out of wed lock, welfare was not observed as a right, at times welfare is given for five years only, teenage mothers were told to live with parents to receive benefits. Consequently, there had been a lot of reasons and actually some of these exist even today as of which we are having a changed and destroyed American family scheme.