Letter of Advice Essay

A. Interpersonal communication is a process composed of multiple elements and skill and practice are required to be an effective communicator. II. Evaluate appropriate levels of self disclosure in relationships. A. Taking risks is the only way we can learn, feel, grow, and have meaningful relationships. 1. Self-disclosure has many advantages in building interpersonal relationships. 2. As a relationship progresses, people begin to reveal more details about themselves and their lives to the other person. B. Self-disclosure is an important requirement for friendships as well as intimate relationships. 1. Self-disclosure allows you to reduce uncertainty about each other and to predict how costly or how rewarding future interactions with another person will be. C. Self disclosure to another person, in a sense you are placing a border on him or her to share information with you to approximately the same degree. III. Define emotional intelligence and its role ineffective interpersonal relationships. A. Emotions as the body’s reactions to certain stimuli. 1. Feelings arise when we add thought and interpretation to these physical reactions. 2. Emotions are neither good nor bad, neither right nor wrong; they are simply part of being human. IV. Describing strategies for managing interpersonal conflicts. A. Conflict can be described as angry disagreement. B. When conflict erupts, emotions are involved, and the relationships can be threatened if the conflict is not resolved amicably. C. Conflict can be dangerous because it has a tendency to grow and worsen, but it can also have important benefits that can strengthen a relationship and might even be desirable. V. Communication is Personalized A. This personalized communication streamlines the messages between people in the relationship. However, it serves another purpose as well; it can create an intimate bond between them that no one else shares, and much like a secret that they share; it can help to strengthen the connections between the individuals. VI. Interpersonal Communications A. Interpersonal communication is a lifelong study that requires ongoing  practice for everyone. B. Five essential aspects of interpersonal communication are listening skills, people skills, emotional intelligence, appropriate skill selection, and communicating ethically.

Ballet and Giselle

Giselle is considered one of the great Romantic ballets. Romantic era was late 18th and early 19th centuries. The period mainly does not follow rational movements but rather Romantic ideas in art influence the ballets. Ballets in Romantic period focus on the conflict between man and nature where as others try to bring difference to ballets from other nations. Ballerinas stand in the forefront compared to male dancers. Giselle is one of the most popular ballerinas of the period and separate identity of the scenarist from the choreographers is distinguishing feature of Giselle as being a Romantic ballet. Both the classical version of Giselle and contemporary has the same story but different interpretations, as I will analyze them in this paper. Giselle is a peasant girl who is betrayed by love. At the beginning nobleman Albrecht introduces himself as a farmer to Giselle and she falls in love with him. However she is unaware that Albrecht is the Duke. They flirt and she completely falls in love. Another guy Hilarion who is also in love with her warns her but she cant realize anything because of her love. They dance a duet and her feelings become more powerful. Also her mother warns her that she is sensitive. After realizing Duke has a fiance she goes mad with a broken heart. Giselle takes Albrecht's sword and her death is a result of her weak heart. She becomes a ghost and the second act is called ‘white act,’ which takes place in the mental institution. The ballet deals with the powerful sources of nature. There are full of emotions and at the end love wins betrayal and death. There are similar and distinguishing features between contemporary Giselle by Matz Ele and classic Giselle. Classical ballet is combination of all ballet dances. Ballet has slow and fluid motion. There are unique motions, precise and graceful movements. Their dance style is long reminding jazz music. However, contemporary ballet is more modern. The movements are rapid, energetic and dynamic. There are sharp and expressive gestures. Giselle shows her feelings very clearly and doesn’t hide them. Her body movements reflect her happiness, anger and love obviously. For instance, in the classical one Giselle is not dancing as close as in the contemporary one. They are more formal and their dance is more elegant. In the contemporary one Giselle and Albrecht dance very close and they touch each other. In one part even Giselle hugs her love as a woman. These clear expressions are not shown in the classical Giselle. Giselle is more like an adult. She doesn’t bend down when she is sad or she doesn’t jump on Albrecht like a child. She reflects the classical period’s formal characteristics. There aren’t close relationships like touching her love and jumping on him. The music is discriminative between two versions of Giselle. Compared to classical one in contemporary ballet music is very modern. Ballerinas dance figures are compatible with the music as well. Classical dancer Giselle dances at more extreme tempos and perform more technical feats. However, in contemporary Giselle doesn’t wear ballerina shoes and she dances barefoot. Her feats move more naturally. Also her hand gestures alter. She doesn’t bow her elbows and hands in classical dance. She dances in an order without extreme gestures. In the contemporary one she does man gestures, which is different than her friends as well. Her personality differs since she behaves like a boy and a child. Also the horns are altering in both versions. The applause is not with full energy in the contemporary one. So even though they are the same plotted ballets they represent a different period’s characteristics with the music and ballets expressions. Is Giselle an ideal beauty or is she more realistic? This dilemma is more obvious in the contemporary one because there isn’t beauty, especially in the second act. Giselle is devastated after learning Albrecht has a fiance. They wear all white and there isn’t excellence. She looses her consciousness. There comes the same music with the first act where she was dancing with joy. She is completely defeated to her destiny. Her happiness falls with the disappointment, which can be seen, from the change in music, costumes and dance in both classical and contemporary one. The coerdeau ballets have geometrical shapes in both but their movements differ. In classical one there is more elegance compared to the compared to the contemporary one. In addition Giselle as being a romantic ballet do not follow rationality. Both versions have altering points when the music, movements, costumes and relationship between man and woman are compared however; they have the same plot with different interpretation.

Comparative Commentary on Global Warming Essay

â€Å"Taking action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions† (â€Å"Text A†), an international newspaper advertisement from Exxon Mobil and â€Å"An Agenda for Climate Action† (Text B†), a speech by Eileen Claussen, the President of Pew Center on Global Climate Change were both written in 2006 with the focus on global warming. The author in both commentaries strives to bring out the message that as human beings, we must take action to stop the worsening of climate change. Text A is a published article by a company that emphasizes that everyone in the world should be able to take part in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and that illustrates the range of actions, in particular technological advances the company has taken to address the problem. As for Text B, it is a speech delivered to university students that identifies the ultimate cause of the problems of climatic change the world is facing now. Even though the message of the two texts is the same, the way th ey convey it differs, in terms of the structure and content, language usage, purpose, and narrative perspective. The structure and content of the two texts are very similar even though there are some obvious differences. First, the introduction of the two texts is very similar in terms of the message their text strives to bring out. Text A starts with â€Å"We’d like to use this space to share our thoughts on actions to address the risk of climate change† while Text B is slightly different as it opens with a courteous introduction first but what follows is this, â€Å"I am here today to talk about what climate change solutions might entail†. This clearly shows that even though the two introductions i.e. the words used and the focus area are not the exact same, but without doubts, they are intended for the same purpose, to persuade people to take action. As for the sentencing and paragraph style, both are written in small paragraphs with long sentences, each having a specific point to make. In Text A, the 4th paragraph is about the need to develop new approaches that are suitable for consumers and to improve the present economic situation and current living standard. The 7th paragraph is about the company improving energy efficiency and having reduced a lot of emission. In Text B, the 3rd paragraph states the major cause for climate change, which is environmentally unfriendly actions done by humans. In the 5th paragraph, it talks about how the rate of mountain glaciers melting is increasing rapidly. These examples show that each paragraph from the two texts has a specific point to make and is clearly structured. Differences can also be found due to the different nature of the texts, Text A being an international newspaper advertisement that promotes their company, Exxon Mobil while Text B is a speech by Eileen Clausen in the Yale University with the aim to raise awareness of global warming to ring the bell that everyone must come together and take a â€Å"comprehensive approach†. First, they use different ways to inform their audiences.†¯ Text A is presented with descriptions and actual statistics of the actions the company have been taking so as to promote their company while Text B is a speech that strives to deliver the message to the audience that climate change is a serious problem, so uses more examples and easy-to-understand facts and information such as how the natural phenomenon that are occurring now is just â€Å"the tip of an iceberg†. Second, the way they start differ. For instance, Text B starts with a sentence in the very beginning that Text A does not, which is â€Å"Thank you very much. †¯It is grate to be here at Yale University†. This is because Text B is a speech so it must show some kind of gratitude for being able to give out a speech. In contrary, Text A is only an advertisement, which does not need to show gratitude that way, however, it has more to do with tone. The tone of†¯Text A is very formal and serious but not demanding because they are trying to promote their company. Although the tone in Text B has a certain level of seriousness, it is more towards the friendly-conversation kind of feeling. It is presented like how close the audience and Eileen Clausen are, this is so that the audience would be more interested and take account of the global issues more. The data of the two texts are not the same. Text A talks about solutions to reduce green house gas emissions, â€Å"Working with vehicle manufacturers and engine makers on programmers that could improve fuel economy by as much as 30% while significantly reducing emissions† and â€Å"improving energy efficiency at our facilities Steps taken since 1999 resulted in CO2 emissions saving of 11 million tones in 2005†¦Ã¢â‚¬  In Text B†, it talks about the risks that human activities have brought upon climate change. For instance,† what they showed is that the second largest land-based ice sheet in the world is losing ice twice as fast† and â€Å"we know that hurricanes are becoming more intense, not just in the Atlantic which gave us Katrina and Rita†¦Ã¢â‚¬ The information used in each of the texts to convey its message is different. Since Text A is an advertisement for its own company, it would be very uncommon for it not to pressure its audience into buying its products. Exxon Mobile does this by firing all the actions it has taken to tackle the problem of climatic change, creating the impression that using or buying their products is one of the ways to save the planet. However, since Text B is only a speech with no special interest, it only needs to address the seriousness of the situation without pressuring the audience that â€Å"these, if I may say this, are just the tip of the melting iceberg†, implying that what was said is not all that there is to it, there are many more risks out there. With and without the pressure, it shows how different the texts are and their impacts on the audience. As between the two texts, one focuses on solutions while another one on risks. Text A focuses on the solutions the company has come up with while Text B talks about the risks caused by human activities. In addition to that, Text A focuses on economics solutions while Text B focuses on geographic problems. For instance, in â€Å"Text A†, phrases such as â€Å"allow continued economic growth and improvements in living standard. Technological advances will be critical†highlight the economic aspects and developing technology to improve living stand requires money, so it is indirectly asking its customers to use or buy the company’s products. In Text B, the risks talked about are all related to the changes geographically not economic risks, such as â€Å"loss of mountain glaciers†, â€Å"but in all oceans where hurricanes occur† and â€Å"One study found that 130 species-both plants and animals- have responded to earlier spring warming over the last 30 years.† In addition to that, Text A focuses on achievements while Text B on problem.†¯ In Text A, the sentence, â€Å"working with vehicle manufacturers and engine makers on programmes that could improve fuel economy by as much as 30% while significantly reducing emissions† shows an achievement because by working with other manufacturers and company, Exxon Mobile would be able to benefit the fuel economy as well as reduce emissions. In Text B, the sentence,† we also know that we are experiencing a worldwide loss of mountain glaciers, a trend that is accelerating. By mid-century, most mountain glaciers may be gone,† reveals a problem. Hence, the focus of each Text is different although they bring out the same message. Although both texts talks about reducing emissions, Text A, â€Å"Our scientists and engineers are working to reduce emissions today and in Text B, â€Å"We need to move from an economy based on burning of fossil fuels to one based on energy efficiency.† Text A is more prone to the side of benefiting their consumers â€Å" and Text B is prone to talk about the cause of global warming â€Å"The impacts of climate change across the globe are occurring in patters that can only explained by human activities and not by natural variations in regional climate.† The ultimate message that the two texts have differs, Text A if to promote their company and to persuade customers to do something therefore buy their product. Text B is to persuade people that we must take action to prevent the worsening of climatic change. This is shown by the conclusions which it also includes the use of technical words, even though both texts use 1st person as narrative perspective to express their information, at first in Text A, the use of â€Å"we† was to represent the whole Exxon Mobil â€Å"We’d like to use this space to share our thoughts on actions† but it changed to a â€Å"we†, which meant the society and themselves â€Å"We all have a role to play.† Initially, in Text A, the use of â€Å"I† was to represent the speaker, the president of Pew Center on Global Climate Change â€Å"I am here today to talk about what climate change solutions might entail† but it literally changed to â€Å"We†, again it includes everyone â€Å"We need to act now to cone up with ways to limit emissions growth without.† The switch of the technical words emphasizes the message that wants to be sent across so they make everyone as a whole, make them think they are involved and would have consideration on whether to act or not. The people targeted by each commentary are different. For Text A, since it is a published advertisement of a company, a profit-making company, to be specific, the targeted audience undeniably would be its customers (the public) in the sense that buying their products would amount to saving the planet. In contrast, â€Å"Text B† has a narrower focus on university students â€Å"It is great to be here at Yale University†, people of high intellect and education, so explanation is not needed, therefore the message are more straightforwardly expressed. However, on a more in-depth analysis of the content of their commentary as discussed above, it may be that Text B is able to reach a wider audience than Text A. The reason is that the language used in Text B is easier to understand, contains more common, day-to-day language, for example â€Å"The earth is warming; the impacts-once only predictions- are now upon us and are likely to worsen,† whereas almost half of the Text A in fact involves technical language, for example â€Å"Exxon Mobil is the lead sponsor and study areas include solar, hydrogen, biofuels and advanced transportation,† which can be thought to be targeting at people such as professors, university students, climate change ambassadors, engineers, surveyors, etc. In conclusion, Text A and Text B have many similarities and differences between the content and language usage, for example the ultimate message, talking about risks or solutions, geographical problems or economy problems, technical language and tone etc. There are also many other differences and similarities that haven’t been mentioned such as the Text A inform in present continuous, Text B is repetitive and does not patronize, scope (broad or limited, modern or historical) etc. Lastly, the two texts clearly convey the same theme through the description of solutions and risks, to take action for climate change.

Organizational Frames Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Organizational Frames - Essay Example Organizations are tools or instruments to meet goals and objectives, and to carry out tasks (Johnson, 2003). As such, structures in achieving calculable rational results as well as precision, stability, discipline, and reliability are in order (Max Weber, cited in Johnson, 2003). Frames or windows, for instance, filter and order the world, providing a structure from which to view things. In my role as an Organizational Analyst for the City of San Jose, I had recommended the merger of two small community centers that were less than two miles apart and were providing a similar range of programs and services. The recommendation was carried out and was considered in the City’s proposed operating budget. The concept, however, was poorly handled by the Parks and Recreation Department where the Department’s managers had decided not to release information about the potential merger to center staff or to the community prior to publication of the proposed operating budget. The Alma community therefore was shocked to find that their Center was slated for closure and the Alma employees were upset to learn that their jobs would be impacted. Recovering from the initial shock, participants from the Alma Center protested the closure and eventually convinced the City Council to drop the proposal. In the 1980s, Bolman and Deal (1991) developed one of the most useful organizational typologies for viewing and studying leadership. Synthesizing existing theories of leadership and organizations into four traditions, they came up with a taxonomy labeled as â€Å"frames.†

The effectiveness of the budgetary control system in 'Cleaning For Essay

The effectiveness of the budgetary control system in 'Cleaning For London' - Essay Example It will include illustrating and evaluating the role of budgetary control in support to internal planning and decision making. It aims to create an effective budgetary control system for its operations, to identify cost behaviours and to propose a suitable recommendation for improvement. Budget is a quantitative financial plan of operations. It identifies the resources needed in order to accomplish the organisation’s goals and objectives. It contains detailed plans and policies to be pursued in a future accounting period. It is continuous where one updates the budget for the year at the end of each month or each quarter. A continuous budget remains more relevant and more current. As a service company, â€Å"Cleaning Services for London† the operating budget includes purchase budget, human resources budget and sales budget. One of the major facets of budgeting is cost control. Budgets are the key to cost control. The purpose of budgetary control is to help master the financial aspects of the company’s operations and solve problems before they occur. Financial control is exercised by managers in preparing budgets for revenues and expenditures of an organisation in advance. Budgetary control facilitates the management and allocation of resources and funds in operating the business to achieve desired outcomes or to provide basis for revision of business objectives and plans. The activities of the company are categorized into two – revenue generators and cost drivers. These main activities summarise the operations of the company in financial terms where revenue generators are cash inflow of the company while cost drivers are expenses incurred in the operation of the business. The company utilises a simple budget system in line with a business plan for one year. The manager who is responsible for the financial, marketing, administrative and operational matters uses cash flow forecasts as basis

Employment Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Employment Law - Essay Example As an employee, Tom would then be in a position where there is a general premise that he would be eligible to file a case for unfair dismissal, but when working as a self employed person, the employer’s liability would be limited. The basis for this lies in the rule laid down in the case of Jennings v Westwood Engineering, in which an employer is required to deduct taxes at the source from his employees; should be fail to do so, he could be committing a criminal offence. Since the employer deducts tax and insurance which are a percentage of his earnings, and to which the employer also makes a contribution, this means that the employer has certain obligations in respect to employees, so that the employees will have some rights in respect to sickness, unemployment or injuries arising during the period of employment. An employer however, has no such obligations towards a self employed person; as a result, any claim for unfair dismissal would not be sustainable if the worker is a self employed person. ... ack of clarity in these definitions, a number of factors were later identified in the case of ready Mixed Concrete (South East) Ltd v MPNI (1968), in which McKenna set out the following considerations in determining whether an individual was an employee or self employed: (a) Is the employee providing his skill in consideration of a wage (b) Is there an element of control exercised by the employer? (c) Are there provisions in the contract inconsistent with it being a contract of employment? Applying this in Tom’s case, it must be noted that at the outset, Tom has a guaranteed income, because he is entitled to 20 sessions with the company’s members, as stated under the first condition spelt out above in the case of McKenna. Secondly, it must also be noted that Tom does not supply his own equipment and tools; nor does he make arrangements to provide his own support staff to carry out an assignment as a contractor would do. In the case of Lee v Chung and Sun Chung Construct ion and Engineering Co Ltd, in determining whether an individual was an employee, the Court stated that when the worker used the tools and equipment provided by the company, he would fall under the category of an employee rather than self employed. Other factors examined in this same case were (a) how much financial risk the employee took and (b) how much investment responsibility he had and (c) how much s/he was able to profit from his own investment of time and effort. On this basis, it may be noted that Tom’s financial risk was not substantial because he had a guaranteed income from the Company’s members and could use the Company’s staff and equipment, which reduced his own investment liability. . In the case of Ready Mixed Concrete, McKenna also laid out the condition that a contract of

Empirical research Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Empirical research - Coursework Example The brands of pizza hut, KFC, Mexican food restaurant of Taco Bell and Long John Silver outlets are among the few brands that have been acquired by all these restaurants owners. Over the past years, Yum has been involved in many mergers and acquisitions and this raised a concern of wanting to know more and therefore will express it in an ‘expounding’ study in form of exploration to tackle the causes and effects of Mergers & Acquisition in franchising. It is clear that, in as much as many companies have a variety of reasons for joining with mergers and acquisitions not all mergers get to succeed. Research show that, those who get lucky to succeed, do not get rates greater than fifty percent, from the two different methods used to evaluate on the success of acquisition or a merger. Among the chosen methods, the commonest one used is quantitative where; the performance rate in the share of the companies merging is taken and compared with that of the results of associate companies that want to merges with it. The other method is qualitative, and is usually evident when particular representatives of the companies are interviewed to see whether the merger can be proved successful. Businesses that join the scheme of mergers and acquisitions normally target the economic benefits, which are taken to be a way to grow benefits in synergy and a decrease in costs and form a grounds or room for mergers and acquirers to make a number of decisions. This is one drive that keeps the urge for companies to get involved in acquisition or merger. It refers to an event the combined company makes a lot of profit than the total of the two separate companies. When a merger or acquisition has a positive acquisition value (NAV), it is supposed to be economically. The NAV is defined as Mclean (2003), If this is positive, then the merged

Arab and Israel Conflict Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Arab and Israel Conflict - Essay Example al and nationalist clash over competing territorial ambitions after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire and it involves the foundation of the Zionist movement and the ensuing formation of the modern State of Israel. The first conflict between the two nations, known as the first Arab-Israeli War, started on May 15, 1948, when five Arab armies invaded the one-day- old Jewish state. This war is generally divided into two phases: the first began on November 30, 1947 and ended on May 14, 1948, with the termination of the British Mandate and the second phase started on May 15, 1948 and ended on July 20, 1949, with the signing of the last of the Armistice Agreements between Israel and its Arab neighbours. Significantly, the War of Independence in 1948 was the most destructive wars that the two nations ever fought and it only marked the beginning of the Arab-Israeli conflict. â€Å"By the time the fighting was over, Israel, albeit at the exorbitant human cost of 1 percent of its population, had survived the Arab attempt to destroy it at birth and had asserted its control over wider territories than those assigned to it by the UN Partition Resolution.† (Karsh 2008, P. 6). It is essential to realise that the 1948 war was more than a war about national self-determination in the light of concept of the formation of a Jewish homeland and the displacement of the Palestinians. This chapter makes a reflective exploration of the War of Independence in 1948, outlining the balance of forces which shaped the British Mandate of Palestine between Palestinians, Arabs, and the increasing number of immigrant Jews, in order to comprehend the various aspects of the conflict such as the two-state solution provided by the United Nation. The 1948 Arab–Israeli War, which was fought between the newly declared State of Israel and its Arab neighbours, has been known in different names, and the Israelis call it as the War of Independence or War of Liberation while the Arabs name it as the

E-commerce in Arab countries ,what is the benefits Article

E-commerce in Arab countries ,what is the benefits - Article Example Relationships among individuals and organisations have been revolutionized by the massive application of information technology. Such massive use of information and communication technologies has resulted to simpler processes, enhanced productivity, increased customer participation, and reduced costs. As a result large numbers of organisations have shifted from the traditional business platform to the online platform of running business. All these factors have greatly influenced the economies of almost all the developed and developing countries over the past few years. The effects are more prominent in case of developing countries like Arab countries. Generally the list of Arab countries includes Algeria, Djibouti, Bahrain, Iraq, Egypt, Lebanon, Kuwait, Jordon, Mauritania, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Palestinian Autonomous Territories, Oman, Qatar, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Syrian Arab Republic, Sudan, United Arab Emirates, Yemen and Tunisia. Economies of all these countries especially Saud i Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Oman, Sudan and Kuwait are found to be growing fast. As a result use of internet and other related technologies in these countries has increased over the past year and most importantly this use is expected to increase at a faster rate than it was ever before. This paper focuses on e-commerce activities in Arab countries. The paper also contains the benefits of e-commerce having on the economies of Arab countries. The report includes a brief overview of the main concepts of e-commerce. Commercial activities, as we all know, comprise those that are required to carry out trade between different parties. Generally the exchange of products and/or services is settled as per conditions that are mutually acceptable by the parties and hence the objective of any commercial transaction is to ensure that all the parties

The Business Plan - Moon Internet Caf Case Study

The Business Plan - Moon Internet Caf - Case Study Example Moon Internet Cafe will provide an area that appeals to people from many different age groups and backgrounds. It provides a good environment for people to familiarize themselves with computers, to interact socially as well as for business needs. People are becoming more mobile, and as they move their technology moves with them. There are many different types of electronic devices that are popular, such as laptops, iPads and cellular phones. Business is also becoming more mobile, with many people interviewing potential staff members, or meeting with clients in public areas such as coffee shops. For many of these meetings, laptops are heavily used, and consequently facilities that facilitate this type of meeting are in high demand. There are a large number of coffee shops and cafes throughout the market, both individual stores and large franchises such as Starbucks. Suppliers for this venture take two forms, as the business looks to combine two different areas.

Cyber Security Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Cyber Security - Assignment Example This aspect that a person from one end of the world can access information from far makes cyberspace a threat to the nation, organization or individual. The fact is that cyber attackers can launch cyber-attacks in a place far from the organization they are attacking (Schiller, 2010). It is true that cyber security is a challenge need to be addressed by the government. In addition, cyber-attacks have increased in the last few years prompting the government and policymakers to look for ways of mitigating the problem. Cyber-attacks require a government intervention because it is not possible for a small organization to tackle such problem. The U.S. is one among many advanced economies that have had their corporations cyber-attacked by culprits operating in other countries (Bajaj, 2012). Some cyber-attacks is said to have been instigated by some countries. This follows a cyber-security breach that was witnessed recently by Sony Pictures Entertainment Inc. The United States government alleged that North Korea was behind the attack. Based on such case and many others that have occurred previously, it is true that the governments need to help in tackling cyber-attacks (Paletta & Nissenbaum, 2015). In conclusion, Cyber Security is a twenty-first-century problem that is increasing and, as a result, many companies are losing their assets. Cyber-attacks are also seen as a weapon used by states against other countries. As such, a state is required to help in tackling cyber security problem because they have all the resources. Paletta D. & Nissenbaum D. (2015). Debate Deepens Over Response to Cyberattacks. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from

Book Report - Middle School Series Essay Example for Free

Book Report Middle School Series Essay ? Rafe Khatchadorian has enough issues around his family life, without throwing his first year of middle school into the mix. Luckily, hes got an incredible plan for the best year ever, if only he can pull it off. With his best friend Leonardo the Silent awarding him points, Rafe tries to break every rule in his schools Code of Conduct. Having gum in class scores him 5,000 points, running through the hallways, another 10,000 points and pulling the fire alarm, 50,000 points! But not everyone thinks that Rafe’s game is a good idea, especially the teachers, parents and other students at the school, so hell have to decide if winning is all that matters, or if hes finally ready to face the rules, bullies, and truths hes been avoiding. http://www. jamespatterson. com/books_middleSchool. php#. UWY9FFdstN4 Middle School the Worst Years of My Life is written by James Patterson and is a realistic fiction book that takes you through the journey of Rafe’s first year at middle school, dealing with the awkwardness of crushes, bullies, and family issues as he tries to break every rule in the school’s Code of Conduct. The book features many different pictures that tell you what’s going on as well, and is considered a graphic novel. Middle School the Worst Years of my Life received a critical acclaim from the most reviewers, it won the YALSA 2012’s Top Ten Quick Picks for Reluctant Young Readers award and James Patterson got nominated for the Children’s Book Council’s Author of the Year award. James has written well over 50 books, a lot of them being in series, and has won many awards. Middle School the Worst Years of My Life is the first book in the Middle School series. The setting of the Middle School series is in middle school. There is no specific day or time that this book is set in, other than it being during middle school. A lot of the time the rules that are broken are broken within the school timing, but there are one or two rules that get broken out of school times. I think the setting has been chosen well, and believed it suited the book well. The novel starts with Rafe entering sixth grade at Hills Village Middle School. Beginning the new school year with a negative mindset means that Rafe starts the year bored and believes that ‘it was a prison Pilgrims back then, but not too much has changed. Now it’s a prison for sixth, seventh and eighth graders. ’ Rafe quickly understands that he will be stuck in middle school for 3 years, and invents â€Å"Operation R. A. F. E. † with his best friend Leonardo the Silent. The plan was to break every single rule in the schools handbook. He also has to put up with the issues in his home life. His mum is always working double shifts at a diner and never gets time with her children, Rafe, and Rafe’s younger sister, Georgia. He has a verbally abusive stepfather (Bear) who looks after him when his mother is away. Then, there’s Jeanne Galletta, who Rafe is madly in love with. Jeanne is a doubtful of Rafe’s plan and wishes he would spend more time on school work then his games. Operation R. A. F. E’s consequences consists of many detentions with his English teacher, Ms. Donatello. This creates tension between Rafe’s family, and after having a fight with Bear about Leonardo and how he is a bad influence on Rafe, we discover that Leonardo is Rafe’s imaginary friend. Rafe’s actions eventually lead to bad grades, getting himself suspended, and then forced to be tutored by Jeanne, whom he had been trying to avoid because she doesn‘t like him. While the tension in the family gets stronger, Bear throws Rafe’s mother to the ground and moves out, Rafe gets expelled for spraying graffiti on the school walls, but Ms. Donatello see’s the potential artist within him and comes up with the idea to send him to art school. The final part of the book reveals that Leonardo is Rafe’s dead twin brother. An exciting part of the novel is when Rafe graffiti’s the school wall at four in the morning. ‘The next morning, I left a note for Mom saying that I had to go to school extra early to work on a project, which was basically true. I just left out the part about how early meant four in the morning and project meant highly illegal activity. â€Å"You’re not going to regret this,† Leo kept telling me. The way he saw it, the whole point of Operation R. A. F. E. was about breaking rules, so why should I let a little thing like losing the game stop me from doing the part I’d been looking forward to the most? Like I said before – genius†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦I unpacked my new flat black marker, a big old camping flashlight, and some of my latest practice sketches. I’d drawn these ones on graph paper, which is kind of like a brick wall, to show me how big everything would need to be. But Leo was feeling impatient, â€Å"You don’t need those anymore,† he said. â€Å"The clock’s ticking. Stop thinking so much and just go. † So I did. I set up the flashlight on a rock so that it was shining right at the wall. Then I picked up my marker and started. It was king of slow-moving at the beginning. I wasn’t sure what to draw first, or what order to do things in. But the more I kept going, the more I got into it, and then somewhere along the way everything started to flow†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. After a while I was running around like crazy, working over here, working over there and getting up on an old trash can to reach the higher parts when I needed to. The whole thing started to get so big that I felt like I was inside it, even while I was still drawing. It was like Leo had said – I wasn’t thinking anymore. I was just doing it, like the marker was just another part of me, and the lines and shapes and pictures were coming right out of my hand. ’ After a while, the police show up, and are surprised that a kid had done all that work, but then again, it was illegal, so into the cop car went Rafe and Leo. I like this part of the novel because I felt as if I was in the actual scene. It was as if I was Leo and I was scared we’d get caught. This scene, although it’s short, it was intense. You didn’t want Rafe to get caught, but you wanted to know what would have happened when he got caught. I just believe that the way this chapter/scene has been written makes it believable and makes you feel like you’re there. The style of this novel is average pace. The novel begins out very slowly, and it doesn’t have much meaning, but once the novel gets a fair way into it, the drama begins, and the pace slowly picks up. At the end of the novel, things get more intense and more happens in a shorter amount of time, and by the end of the novel, so much has happened, that it takes a while to comprehend what has happened, but you realise that James wrote it that way for a reason, and to me, that reason was so that he could have a short book, that had a lot in it, and might eventually be able to make a movie, much like the Diary of a Wimpy Kid movies. The Worst Years of my Life uses a lot of slang humour, but not so much that it’s over powering, it’s just enough that it creates the characteristics of the book. A genre is the category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter. There are several genre’s the feature in this novel, some more than others. The genres that feature heavily in Middle School the Worst Years of My Life are: Comedy Humour Drama The genre that is featured in the book, but not as heavily is romance. Have you ever had a crush on someone and had them not like you back? Romance is a feeling of excitement and mystery associated with love. Rafe Khatchadorian discovers his feelings for Jeanne Galletta on one of his first days at school. They were all sitting in the school gym and she was one of the candidates for the student council representatives and part way through or speech, she offers to buy Rafe fries later that day, and that’s when he knew he liked her. Towards the end of the novel, Rafe’s grades start to go downhill and the school as well as his Mum think it’s a good idea to get some extra help. Little did Rafe know that his dream girl Jeanne was going to be his tutor. Even though Rafe is a teenage boy who likes girls, middle school would not be any good without a sense of humor or a comedian mixed into the scene. The biggest class clown in the school is here, and his name? Rafe Khatchadorian. A class clown is the funniest person in the class who often gets in trouble. Rafe’s first year at middle school is spent trouble making and trying to make people laugh, but not everyone thinks that his plan to break every rule in the Code of Conduct. Miller the Killer was the school bully, and his new prey is Rafe. Throughout Rafe’s middle school year, he comes into conflict with Miller many times. The biggest thing that happens to Rafe because of Miller the Killer is when he discovers Rafe’s notebook with all the Operation R. A. F. E. (Rules Aren’t For Everyone) and makes Rafe buy each page back off of him for a dollar a page, but Rafe discovers Miller’s plan with the notebook early on, and it isn’t pretty. Miller the Killer enjoys making Rafe’s first year at middle school hell, but Rafe enjoys the humorous side of school. School is tough on everyone, so what’s the best way to get through? Have fun! And that’s what Rafe intends to do by breaking all the rules in the Code of Conduct and earning himself points. The catch is, he only gets given three lives, and if he breaks all three, the games over. All the seriousness aside, Rafe gives himself, and Leo a good laugh. The funniest scene in the book to me was when Rafe decides to break the schools dress code, and he was given the best chance to do this with Halloween just around the corner. Leo knew that it would only be a matter of time before Rafe was caught by a teacher, so Leo was giving him 10,000 points for every 50 yards of the school he covered in his costume. Rafe ran, as fast as he could in all black, with a pocket full of Cheerios as throwing stars, and nunchucks made from paper towel roles with rope knotted at either end. Yep, you guessed it. Rafe was a ninja. ‘I came tearing out of that bathroom at full speed and just kept running – through the first floor (10,000! ), up the stairs (10,000! ), down the second floor hall past all the lockers (10,000! ), throwing Cheerios and swinging my nunchucks like crazy. ’ Right before he got caught, Miller the Killer was right in his aim. ‘I made sure my mask was pulled down tight over my face. Then I took a big windup as I went by, and beaned him upside the head with one of the chucks (10,000! ). â€Å"What the ? † Miller turned the wrong way, just as I passed him. By the time he’d figured out where I came from and where I was headed, I’d already left him in the dust. He was twice as big as me, but I was twice as fast. Eat it, Miller! ’ And then it happened. Caught right in the act. Yep, a teacher saw him†¦ Well, he ran into the teacher. Games over Rafe. ‘And then – splam! I ran right into Mrs. Stricker. Literally. Let’s just say, she wasn’t in the mood for wrestling. ’ But Rafe had another plan and it was going to earn him double points. ‘I went into the bathroom and came out a minute later without my ninja costume, running just as fast as before. Some kids got out of my way. Some even ran in the other direction. A few of the girls screamed when I cam2 through, but I dont think they meant it. And a few people even yelled stuff like â€Å"Go, Rafe, go! † and â€Å"Dont let ‘em get you! † Because, like I said, I wasn’t wearing my ninja costume anymore. In fact, I wasn’t wearing much of anything at all. ’ No, he wasn’t naked, but he wasn’t wearing much†¦ ‘Just sneakers, a pair of boxers, and a big old smile. Boy, did Rafe get in big trouble for that, but on the other hand, he did earn himself a lot of points! Rafe loves making people laugh, and I believe that the reason he does it isn’t for other people, but he does it to make himself feel good. I believe that the main theme in this novel is coming of age and growing up into a better person in a way. To me, I think this means that by using the resources that are around you (family, friends etc. ) to become the person you are supposed to be. For Rafe, this is trying to get over his prank, funny, humorous stage, and into the more serious schooling stage. This can be hard for some people, especially when they don’t get along with their family, and when their only friend is in their imagination, but by the end of the book, Rafe has realised that even though he isn’t academically smart, he does have a gift with art, which sees him going to art school. Love is also in the novel, as Rafe discovers Jeanne Galletta, but it doesn’t impact on the story as much as growing up does. The main characters in the book are: Rafael (Rafe) Khatchadorian – Rafe is the trouble maker in the story who is in his first year at Hills Village Middle School. Rafe is important because without him, there is no story. I like this character because he makes the book fun. Even though he isn’t an actual person, this character has a funny personality and a childish sense of humour. I believe that James Patterson has described this character well. Georgia Khatchadorian – Georgia is Rafe’s annoying little sister who likes to be in everyone’s business and know what’s going on in Rafe’s life, especially when he is in trouble. She is also the family tattletale and always dobs Rafe in when she catches him doing something wrong. Even though Georgia annoys Rafe a lot, he also protects her, which is like all siblings love-hate relationships. I like her because I think I can relate to her because I am the younger sister in my family, and I like to annoy my older brother, but I also know that he will always be there for me. I think that Georgia is a main character in this story because she is a part of Rafe’s home issues because she never leaves him alone and always wants to know what’s going on in his life. Carl AKA Bear – Bear is Georgia and Rafe’s, abusive, rude, obese stepdad who can be found on the couch. Bear is often yelling at Rafe after school. He also argues with Mrs. Khatchadorian, Rafe and Georgia’s mum, and one argument let Bear to accidently push her down the front steps, and when the police show up, it doesn’t look good for Carl. I don’t like him at all! He’s so rude and obnoxious, and I would hate to have a step parent as bad as him. Leonardo (Leo) the Silent – Leo is Rafe’s best friend, who we later discover is in his imagination. We also later find out that Leo was Rafe’s twin brother who died when he was still a baby. I think that Leo is the glue that holds everything together. He helps Rafe with school, with home, and he gives him the motivation to keep going when things get tough. I really like Leo the Silent because even though he isn’t real, he is the perfect best friend. Jeanne (Jay-Gee) Galletta – Jeanne is Rafe’s crush. He is madly in love with her, but she is also the goody-two-shoes of the school, and she hates Operation R. A. F. E. I like her but I don’t. I feel like she tries too hard to be a good student, and doesn’t give herself enough freedom, which is why I don’t like her. I think that being a teenager, or getting to that stage  means that you can manage school and social life, and to me, it’s like she has no social life. She’s important in the story because as we get older, we start to see people in different ways, and we start to like them, and I believe that Jeanne is important because without her, it’s not a real adolescent’s life. Ms. Donatello AKA the Dragon Lady – Ms. Donatello is Rafe’s English teacher, as well as his detention buddy. Even though she is strict and can get aggravated easily, she also has Rafe’s best interest at heart and wouldn’t help him if she didn’t believe he was better than what he shows. I like her because I have had plenty of teachers that are hard on me, but they do it because they want what’s best, and without that push, we wouldn’t grow and evolve as people. I understand why Rafe doesn’t particular like her, but teachers always want what’s best, and he will eventually see that. Miller AKA Miller the Killer – Miller is the school bully, hence the name ‘Miller the Killer. ’ He is constantly giving Rafe a hard time throughout his first year at middle school, and without the school bully, school wouldn’t be school. There is always that one person that puts people down to make themselves feel good, although not a lot of bullies take kids lunch money, but hurt them mentally, or even physically. I don’t like Miller because I believe that he hurts people because he can and he needs to get disciplined. Without Miller, or a bully in the book, it wouldn’t be like school life, so I can understand why James Patterson included him in it. I’m not much of a reader, but I really enjoyed this book, and I found it easy to understand and comprehend because of the little sketches throughout the book. This book is much like the Diary of a Wimpy Kid series, and I believe it is aimed at the same kind of age group. I think that I was too old to read this novel, but I didn’t find it so easy that I could just read it in a day, but not hard enough that it took me forever to read. It was a good balance, so I would suggest it for kids 13 years old and younger, somewhere between 9 and 13. To be honest, it was a good book, but it could have been made longer so not everything happened at once towards the end. In general, it was a good read, and I would recommend it to younger kids who enjoy having a good laugh and getting into trouble.

Urban poverty: Causes and solutions

Urban poverty: Causes and solutions Urban Poverty I. Introduction Historically, poverty belonged to rural areas, but nowadays it is the same in mega cities and it is estimated that a quarter of the worlds urban population is currently living in a poverty situation (Perlman, 1998). In last several years, by the population growth explosion and more and more people choose to living from countryside to city, this phenomenon was becoming more and more serious. At same time, it made social problems stand out. Deepening of urban poverty has becoming an unsafe factor in social and economic. The new problems mix with old problems lead to a variety of complex social effects. In this report will present the problems which urban poverty, and try to find the solutions to solve it. The reason for urban poverty is complicated, such as population, employment and social service. This report will state as follow. II. Methodology III. Discussion 1. Causes of poverty 1.1 Population Since the 20th century 50years, along with the accelerated process of urbanization and urban population density increased, the population of world from 30% to about 50% now, is approach to 60% by 2030. Because of this, the urban poor and slums have become increasingly prominent. Todays megacities are reaching the limits of their carrying capacity to sustain human life, as urbanites increasingly face lack of access to safe water and sanitation, inadequate waste management, poor drainage, air pollution, excessive noise levels, and ineffective and inadequate service provision(Perlman, J., Hopkins, E. Perez, R. 2008). 1.2 Employment It is means that people who living in the urban poverty, it will easily lacking to employment. According to Perlman(1998) said that women who is worked in poverty areas is overstrain, without the safety property. What is more, less working opportunities contribute to low-income household struggling for survival (Baker and Schuler, 1997), and therefore, the gap between rich and poor is widening (Perlman, 1998). 1.3 The social base installation and social service Due to the problems of urban poverty is more seriously, it is effect the social base installation and social service. According to the research from Practical Action(2008),there are 2.2billion people around world scarcity access to proper sanitation, the sewers are created by rubbish and human defecations, and more than 420 million do not have access to the simplest latrines (Perlman, 1998) and lack of solid waste disposal services (Masika, 1997). On the other hand, they lack of access to community services and low-income communities have no control over new facilities (Perlman, 1998). 2. Effects of poverty 2.1 Personal Firstly, due to the urban poor and their families, the reality of poverty has a certain degree of damage on their health, education, employment, housing, family life and other aspects. In the commercial city, poor people have low purchasing power. It is not only leading urban poor to difficulties on their material life, but also refusing them to have equal access to urban education, health care and other services. The urban poor in these areas will lag behind their culture and physiological quality than the non-poor, thus indirectly leading to decline in their social class status, so that their children may still face the dilemma of poverty. 2.2 Societal When the situation of urban poverty become aggravate and rules break down, as Power, A. and Houghton, j. said â€Å"defensive anti- social behavior takes root, people carry knives, young people from gangs, people dump their bulk rubbish where it has already accumulated and outsiders abandon cars in run-down streets where fines are not enforced†. 2.3 Criminal Civil Unrest in the French is a typical example. Every country has objective issue of Urban wealthy polarization, developed countries are no exception. The poverty and The interests of the division lead to social conflict, the French phenomenon of urban poverty and social conflict have some representation. In November 2007, the French railway strike broke out in succession and social unrest. However, in the suburbs of Paris in 2005, two boys were accidentally dead, had a similar outbreak of unrest. The riots in 2005 and 2007, most people in group were living in poor conditions, unemployment and poverty population. The content of the performance reflected were migration, unemployment, and poverty. It was widening gap between rich and the poor led to the split of the deep social contradictions, reflecting the rich-poor divide is real resentment. 3. Solutions to poverty 3.1 Government The government has duty to concern about the poverty problem, to take extremely care about their children to school, and basic health. Make sure urban poor can get special price about urban water, electricity, gas price and so on, so that their living condition do not deteriorate. And the government is have to design a income mechanism to mitigate distribution gap, such as controlling taxes and social welfare system to make the strong revenue transfer to the weak. 3.2 Societal Fairness in economic activities there are two concepts, one is income equally, all participants in economic activities more consistent revenue; second is a fair chance, that mean economic agents have a fair competition and fair opportunity to participate. Income may be unfair, but everyone should have the right to compete fairly.

The Development Of Travel And Tourism Industry Tourism Essay

The Development Of Travel And Tourism Industry Tourism Essay Finally but not least, it discusses the significant impact of technology on the development of travel and tourism industry which is a big influence on the country. So overall all this assignment is informing you of how quality services and technology can develop the tourism industries and also makes work much easier and create a major impact on the country. It also assesses some good points on the community based tourism it tells how it can increase tourist in the country and helps to build up the economy and by creating a good marketing plan, having the right amount of capital, objectives and good support services it can be successful. The importance of delivering quality services in the hospitality industry. The importance of delivering quality services is basically to get a good impact on the industry to increase revenues. In agreement with (The importance of customer service in the hospitality industry, 1999-2012), Hotels, restaurants and other tourism-reliant business are included in the hospitality industry, each organization rely on effective customer service to earn industry accolades, positive media reviews, win repeat guests and increase revenue. So basically the good service you give off will make others come more to increase the revenue and to give the organization an excellent review. Quality services in some hospitality industry are poor and needs improvement but it is our major challenge. However in agreement with (William Lazer Layton, 1999), The hospitality managers if facing the major challenges in quality service delivery. It will be an essential condition for success in the emerging, keenly competitive, global hospitality markets, while the future importance of delivering quality hospitality service is easy to discern and to agree on, doing so presents some difficult and intriguing management issues. It is very important that all hospitality industry provide excellent quality service so it will build up the economy of the organization and country. 2 Differences between service delivery in the hospitality industry and service delivery in other businesses. Service delivery can be differentiated by the type of businesses youre running. Service delivery can be delivered both inside and outside of an organization but it depends on the type because most organization does not have outside service delivery. According to (Service delivery system, 2012), Hospitality and tourism services can be differentiated by the volume of customers processed and on the basis of variety offered. This can vary from a high-volume operation offering a very restricted range of products and services to a lower volume operation where every customer receives a unique or highly customized service. Another key variable in any service operation is the nature of the service contact. High contact has an extra level of social interaction associated with staff, while a low-contact service requires the staff to perform largely technical skills. Each requires a different approach, with a high level of contact requiring sophisticated social skills training, together with a g ood level of product knowledge, whereas a low level of contact requires simpler customer care and technical training. A low-contact service may also be suitable for substitution by information technology or self-service. Service delivery in businesses can be different in some cases. In some businesses the service can be delivered outside of the organization while some cannot. 3 TASK TWO Pros and cons of community based tourism and a discussion on the implications on the country as a whole. The Pros: The community based tourism has some advantages on both the communities and the country. Employment for community Some others are: according to (Williams Haye, 2006), Improved quality of life, Increased employment both directly and indirectly, increased opportunity for social and cultural interchange, increased income and improvement of infrastructure and enhancement of the community. Some other advantages are: according to (Oikos, 2009), It enables tourist to discover local habitats and wildlife, celebrate and respect traditional cultures, rituals and wisdom. The Cons: Some disadvantages of community based tourism are: Less transportations Less support in human resources and connection with marketing channels. Lack awareness of tourist Lack of skills Less capital Lack of recognition 4 Discussion: There are different implications of community based tourism on the country both advantages and disadvantages. Tourism in the country can help build up the economy and the community has a huge impact on the visitors which helps to increase the revenues. According to (Master Plan For Sustainable Tourism Development, 1998), The importance of this interaction is increasing as a result of the greater interesting contact with local people and their culture. Thus, physical assets are, by themselves, not sufficient to deliver a world class visitor experience. The host community must also be pleased to welcome tourists into their communities and take pride in the experience offered. This is why the WTO and other commentators insist that involving the community in the design (planning), development and management of the tourism experience is a necessary condition for the sustainable development of tourism. In Jamaica, the communities have played a role in the development of tourism. According to (Master Plan For Sustainable Tourism Development, 1998), To ensure stronger community involvement in the planning, development and management of tourism in Jamaica, the Master Plan aims to strengthen the community presence on the Resort Boards and co-ordination between the Resort Boards, parish councils and Parish Development Committees (PDCs) established by the Social Development Commission (SDC). Ventures sponsored by or involving the community would be eligible for receiving finance on preferential terms and technical support from a Community Support Unit at TPDCO. 5 The Resort Boards would be made responsible for all aspects of the interface between the visitor and local people, including involving local organizations in the management of anti-harassment and the resort patrols. Community based tourism can uplift the citizens and show them a brighter future. According to (Master Plan For Sustainable Tourism Development, 1998), Tourism has the potential to become a tool for economic and social uplifting of the people of Jamaica. If it can play such a role and that role is brought to the attention of the people of Jamaica, a far greater number would consider them as benefiting from the industry and so, hopefully, would be committed to the delivery of an excellent visitor experience. The Master Plan attempts to enable the tourism industry to play the role of providing the means to social and economic uplifting through a combination of improving the linkages between tourism and other industries, improving the opportunities for local people to sell goods and services to visitors and using tourism to make viable investments in civic facilities. It is planned also to make visible the impact that tourism has on social conditions by publicizing more widely the role i t plays in developing civic facilities and strengthening the JTBs educational programmed in schools. 6 In order for Jamaica to exceed in the increase of tourism they have to improve most of their products which they know most tourists looks forward to buy. In agreement with (Master Plan For Sustainable Tourism Development, 1998), Within the tourism industry, the share of underperforming sub-sectors such as small hotels, guest houses, villas and apartments, food and beverages, leisure and entertainment, sports and transport must be increased. Further afield, the linkages with arts and crafts, agriculture and small businesses generally need to be improved. Improving these linkages with other sectors would help also to increase the role played by tourism as a lead industrial sector in pulling through other sectors of the Jamaican economy and so its effect on economic development generally. Community based tourism would have a good impact on the country because first of all it plays a big role and if the CBT develop a good marketing objectives and strategies to get the information worldwide it will bring tourist to the country and not only the country will get a good review but the community as well and it will benefit from it and not only that but it would make tourist wants to explore and learn more about other places in the country. 7 Discussion on community based tourism is an alternative type of tourism that can be used to diversify the Jamaica Tourism Product and provide Jamaica with a competitive advantage. The main elements of tourism product are: Accommodation, Transportation, attraction and tours, dining and entertainment and support services. So basically the community based tourism can help improve all areas because it plays a minor role in the country. Community based tourism can join partnership with the Jamaica Tourism Product (JTP) and provide them with a variety of different communities with various beautiful attraction to be one of their main product of attraction, which will help them to increase their revenues and bring in more visitors which will be benefited to both. Each group will have to address and see what their weakness is, in both social and physical infrastructure. Jamaica Tourism Product can provide the communities with transportation to and from the accommodation and also give the visitors a tour of each community which can be included in the all inclusive package. Working together can both be a good thing for the country because it will increase the economy by number of visitors that comes into the country and it will also give the country a good name and good reviews. 8 Community Based Tourism and Jamaica Tourism Product can provide Jamaica with a competitive advantage. Basically each group would have a major development in all the areas that tourists love the most and by working well in their areas, finding ways to make each visit more differently and interesting and also by improving, making it better and better throughout each year there will be a increase in economy. Each group competing against each other would be a big impact on Jamaica and everyone will benefit from what they are doing. 9 TASK 3 Some impacts of Technology on the development of travel and tourism industry. Technology has a lot of impact on travel and tourism industry. It helps to make work a lot easier and much faster. According to (Youell, 2012), Developments in technology in jet aircraft and computer technology have contributed to the growth in domestic and international travel and tourism. Technological factors travel and tourism has always been an industry that has made extensive use of new technology equipment. Central reservation system (CRS), the use of computers in travel agencies and sophisticated databases for marketing purposes are now ordinary. Increase in competition within the industry will force organizations to use new technology to the full. New developments in transportation make extensive use of new technology, for example the Channel Tunnel, the advances in aircraft design and opening up new long-haul destinations. Technology has made it possible for people to accomplish multiple tasks within a time period and it has also brought advancement in many economic and business sectors which include travel and tourism industry. 10 Technology in the travel and tourism industry makes things more advanced, professional, less work and makes things run much faster. According to (The impact of technology on tourism, 2012), The tourism industry is one of the most relevant examples in the context of a changing global environment. The pace of this change has most likely been set by the rapid technological advancements. Some of these new technologies have been integrated in tourism operations. The most eloquent example in this sense is the emergence of the internet, which led to reduced costs and increased operational efficiency within the tourism agencies and airports. Aside the internet, other major technologies that supported the continuous growth of the tourism industry are those implemented by transportation, which became safer, quicker and more pleasing. Finally, the technological implementations within tourism operations have led to modifications in working habits and have also generated an increased demand for l abor force, implying as such that educational institutions place more emphasis on teaching tourism. So basically technology has a serious impact on travel and tourism it makes every aspect of completing daily task a lot easier and it also helps to develop the country. Without technology things would be slower and visitors wouldnt be able to book online if wanting to visit other country and that would be more work for hotel employees and it wouldnt make us citizens be aware of what is going on in the country. So having technology in both travel and tourism is major impact without it maybe we would have to get things done in a slower pace. 11 CONCLUSION I have concluded that good quality service in both the hospitality and other business industries have a positive impact on the country. A first impression determines how a guest will enjoy their stay and must always treat visitors like how we would want to be treated. Good quality service will keep customers and tourists coming back and it will also leave an excellent review of the business which will make others want to come to the country or firm. Service delivery in hospitality industry and other businesses are different in some extend for example in the hospitality industry some of their services can only be delivered within the organization while for some others their services can be delivered outside of the firm/organization. I also concluded that community based tourism plays a major role in a country and both can benefit from it. It also uplift the residents in the communities by earning income as land managers, entrepreneurs, service and produce providers, and employees. Technology is a major impact in the travel and tourism industry it makes work much easier and faster. It creates less confusion and helps to develop the industry in a more professional way. 12

Overview of Flight of the Iguana by David Quammen :: essays research papers

Chapter Analysis- Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This chapter, or in this case the introduction, is exactly what it is labeled as; an introduction. The main ideas of this introduction are more or less used to explain the goals of this book and also used to familiarize the reader with what is to come. Throughout the introduction, the author, David Quammen refers to a wide variety of unique and unheard of organisms that exist in nature. Not only do these organisms sound weird, but many often behave in unordinary ways. The okapi, the Xylocaris, the chambered nautilus, and the plant that eats frogs are just examples of the many different organisms Quammen talks about. The reason for Quammen’s use of such organisms is not to scare readers away from nature, but to actually lure them in. The main idea of Quammen’s whole introduction is basically to show readers that nature is not a freak show, but to show simply nature itself. At first this whole idea may seem a little cloudy and vague, but as you read on , one will start to understand what Quammen is really striving for. Quammen uses animals and plants as examples to show the very intricacies of nature and the natural world. One example that he uses that has helped my understanding of this idea was the black widow spider. Quammen tells us of his strong fear of spiders and he goes on telling us how the black widow is very poisonous and menacing, yet possesses an undeniable beauty. He also states the black widow as being dangerous but not malicious, and gorgeous or hideous depending upon how we see it. Quammen’s point is that no matter how you see the spider, it is still part of nature.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Adding to this idea that nature and all of its ugliness and abnormalities is still in fact nature, Quammen goes on further by addressing the human attitude towards nature’s intricacies. By this, Quammen refers to the human attitude towards nature as a whole based solely upon his/her opinion of one organism. As textual evidence for this idea, the example of the spider can be used again. Most people associate the black widow as being venomous and deadly, and so they unfairly associate the same characteristics with harmless beneficial house and garden spiders as well. This attitude toward the spiders can also be applied to nature as a whole. Since humans posses this attitude towards nature, a lot of nature’s beauty is often overlooked.

Napster :: essays research papers

Napster In 1998 a university dropout, Shawn Fenning, nicknamed napster, spent days without sleep in his uncle's office producing a new music-swapping programme now known as napster. Napster is an MP3 file sharing programme that lets you connect to millions of other users world-wide and swap music with them for ABSOLUTELY NOTHING, even Napster itself as a programme is FREE and is available to ANYONE with a PC and the Internet. Napster spreads all types of music ranging from unknown and up and coming bands to famous names like Craig David and Artful Dodger this is all at absolutely NO COST. So as you can imagine as Napster grew more popular than ever its total users topped 50MILLION in November 2000. Nearly 75 percent of college students have downloaded music from the Net, according to a recent study by Greenfield Online, an international research firm. Nearly two-thirds of the 1,135 college students surveyed say they download music as a way to sample music before buying it. So does this prove that the artists are actually benefiting out of Napster as people will hear there songs and possibly go and buy there singles. Many people believe music labels should have been donating money to Napster users, not threatening to sue them. And so the much-libelled Napster users are dedicated music buyers, quick to reach for their wallets. Greenfield research says it found that 45 per cent of online music fans are more likely to have increased their music purchases than online fans who don't use Napster. The study of Napster users found that 71 percent of users say they're willing to pay to download an entire album. A maker of MP3 portable players said "The year 2000 is a fantastic year for digital music,we had this earthquake called Napster who's aftershocks are still happening". Napster gives publicity to unsigned groups and gives people a chance to listen to their music and so possibly they may get a record deal form the record companies. But in the shops people are paying  £3.99 for these singles and to some they simply can't afford it, so why not use Napster and get it fo nothing??? After all would you pay for something you could get for free? Using napster gives everyone a chance to get all their favourite music for nothing, all new bands singles are featured on the programme but not forgetting many, many old songs for the older users of the site.

Affirmative Action :: essays research papers

When people talk about the civil rights movement, the first thing that comes to mind is the famous speech â€Å"I have a dream† by Martin Luther King. His dream in short was to have equality among human beings. For the past thirty years, this country has been revolutionizing humanitarianism because there is greater concern for human welfare than one hundred years ago. The revolution began during the 1960’s, and during that era this country was drastically involved in changing the civil rights of minority groups. From this concern, a program called affirmative action evolved. Like other civil right movements, the affirmative action movement was implemented to promote equality. Like some Americans, I am strangely confused when anyone talks about affirmative action. The reason that I have such confusion is the way people word the term affirmative action. If you ask one person who is in favor of affirmative action, his or her response is going to be different from someone who is against it. So when I am asked what I think about affirmative action, my answer seems to be twisted because I really don’t know what affirmative action is. The only exposure I have had to the term affirmative action is that which is taught in the classroom. Since this was such a controversial subject, the scope was very narrow, mostly terms. My key understanding is that of a definition, which I can hardly recall. I don’t know whether affirmative action is a law or if it is a subset of a bunch of different laws that were passed during the civil rights movement. I am also unaware if people protected under this program like the special treatment if there is any. My attempts to answer the question of what I think I know start with the idea that since affirmative action evolved from the civil rights movement, its aim is to protect certain minority groups as well as women. I think that the idea is used in a business context because there are other discriminatory laws in place to protect outside of work. I can remember from past schooling that there was a Supreme Court case that a white male sued a school institution because he was anti discriminated against because the school had a affirmative action program in place. I would like to know exactly what affirmative action is and then decide a stance on whether I support or oppose the use of affirmative action programs.

Western Filipina Relationship

Western-Filipina Relationship Denver Jane C. Diacor Why do lots of Filipino women choose foreigners as better husbands? How do Westerners differ from Filipino men? These are some of the typical questions asked by individuals since Western-Filipina relationship is now observed. And a number of Filipinas preferred husbands from the West in three main reasons: it might be for money, the feeling of acceptance, or for love. Money can be the first reason. It is quite absurd to see a 61 year-old man with a 25 year-old Filipina girlfriend, that’s why many people say that the girl is only looking after the money she could get from that old man. We cannot deny the fact that many wish to change their social status and get out from their life of being a poor, and marrying a foreigner is what they think the solution. However, in my own perspective, it is not really right to marry a person just because of money; others are just being practical. If money is seen as one of the reason in this relationship, the feeling of acceptance is another factor. Based on what I have read on some stories about this cross-cultural relationship, a Filipina said that she has a great feeling with her husband. She added that Western men are not really particular on how you dress or how you look as long as you are staying true to yourself. They will make you feel you are pretty and that you are special to them, unlike Filipino men who are judging you from the way you dress to the way you act. They are straightforward on telling your mistakes unlike Filipino men who are having that sugar-coated statement just to make sure you are not hurt. Thus, Western men will allow you to grow by telling what’s wrong and letting you check your weaknesses and shortcomings. Finally, for love, Westerners are more romantic and expressive in showing their affection. For me, traveling a distant place just to be with your love is quite very romantic. And two people living in an absolutely different world finding each other is true love. In short, the reason why some Filipina preferred foreigners as husband might be because of the money, because of the great feeling with the partner, or because of love. It is really great to find the right person you want to be with for the rest of your life. Either a Filipino or a Westerner, the first things we must consider in marriage or in a relationship is the love, acceptance, trust, loyalty, and understanding.

Best Practices for Diverse Learners

trump Practices for Diverse Learners The society of the United States of the States Is culturally diverse. This variety reflects on the demographics that our grooms discombobulate. any work leader necessitate to derive the diversity that exists at their schools. discernment the diversity get out determine how professional educators welcome the difficulties or handles everyday situations that school generates. Understanding this cultural composition is not enough. thither must be a conference of leaders, teachers, researchers and other stakeholders committed to deal with the educational processes that English wrangle earners face.I selected this group because In my teaching c areer I have observed that many efforts have been do to reach this group, but ELLS continue to splutter to meet the standards. According to Miller (201 1), educators who have culturally relevant tick offing contexts are those who see pupils culture as an asset, not a detriment to their conque st (p. 69). I feel passionate about the electromotive force and the richness that these students buns bring to the schoolroom.Therefore, I have to peruse the following wonder What strategies stooge be separateed by leaders to engage ELL dents to become biography long learners and ensure pedantic conquest? Leadership that fosters culturally diverse settings leave behind result into a positive humour that go forth impact students deed. Future focus Plan As a approaching focused leader I attend the great need of developing stalk alternative that after part represent an pickaxe for English expression learners. Therefore, I extract a strategic devise to develop a choice computer class.This choice program will be known as Dual voice communication Academy. This choice program will be a campus that will exclusively beseechs a two-way forked style model. This choice program will offer to English-speaking children and minority language speakers learn together in t he identical classroom, with the goals of bilingualism, bilaterally, cross-cultural understanding, and high academic achievement for all (Landholding-Leary 2001). The first step of this plan is to assess the area demographics to identify the of necessity of parents, children and the community.According to Brandenburg (2009) approximately 20% of all universe school students speak a language other than English at home, which accounts for to a greater extent than 10 million students. Second, Identify and take learn stakeholders. These stakeholders have an important part in order for the program to be successful. Here and Eifel (2007), provided a promising proposal so that schools can help students break through academically expand stakeholder involvement beyond the school itself. During this process a leaders squad will be established.Members of this team could consist of Superintendent, School Board members, school administrators, resource staff, teachers (bilingual and monoli ngual), and parents. Third, design and obtain an citation of a cipher that supports the implementation of the program. The budget must include areas that are not typically noninsured in traditional schools. For example, examen materials in two languages, supplemental classroom and library materials in the target language, orthogonal evaluator, specialized professional development and marketing.Additionally, the executing of a strong parental matter Initiative, for example Parental and families still familiarity power differences and conflicts in their relationships with school forcefulness (Reynolds, 2010). It is important to involve parents and community from the beginning, and back up them to volunteer in the classroom and learn as much as they can about the program. As Cummins (2000), argues, we do indeed need to transform bilingual programs from subtractive, deficit-oriented transitional programs to additive, enrichment-oriented dual-language programs that are desir a dapted even to the near elite.A dual language program can offer an alternative for ELLS to develop particular thinking skill and simultaneously bring in the English language. An additional benefit is to offer a choice program to monolingual students to become bilingual, obliterate and bacterial in order to face the challenges of the global society. Forces, Detractors and Tensions In times that accountability and policymaking are presents in the educational system many forces, detractors and tensions can be encountered.According to Ackermann (201 1), the ability to communicate clearly, confidently, and compassionately and through a variety of media, during lengthened or recurring periods when finances and resources are diminishing, is an essential skill for supervisors in student services (p. 6). Clear communication with stakeholders is the pigment to implement a productive initiative. term conducting the literature review for this assignment an interest detractor was identifie d. Researchers have identified as a possible trend of separationism as a consequence of a not well-balanced dual language program.As a future-focused leader this is an aspect that needs to be taken in favor when developing the objectives of a two-way dual language program. According to Palmer (2010) we need to search questions regarding equity of access, fair delivery of services, and equitable treatment in the classroom (p. 110). righteousness must be the primary commandment in order to provide flat realm of opportunities for diverse academic environment. evidence Finally, the educational field bases its decisions in the cherish that it is given to data that have been self-possessed and analyzed.School leaders need to be able to develop the ability to balance their carrying out with what it entails to be an useful leader. Schools need to epicurean efforts that develop a conversation on the importance in acknowledging diversity as an essential tool to increase academic p erformance by the development of effective educational alternatives. A dual language model can be the key to reach the future academic success for all English language learners. Cummins, Jim. (02000). Language, strength and commandment Bilingual Children in the Crossfire.Cleveland, England polyglot Matters. Brandenburg, E. (2009). The Demographic Context of urban Schools and Districts. faithfulness & Excellence In Education, 42(3), 255-271. Here, K. D. , & Eifel, A. (2007). Extending the responsibilities for schools beyond the school door. Policy Futures in Education, 5,567-580. Landholding-Leary, Kathy. (2001). Dual Language Education. Cleveland, England Multilingual Matters. Miller, H. (2011). Culturally Relevant Pedagogy in a Diverse Urban Classroom. Urban Review Issues And Ideas In frequent Education, 43(1), 66-89.Palmer, D. (2010). Race, Power, and Equity in a multi-valued Urban Elementary School with a Dual-Language Strand Program. Anthropology & Education Quarterly, 41(1 ), 94-114. Reynolds, R. (2010). They think youre lazy and other messages Black parents send their Black sons An exploration of critical race theory in the examination of educational outcomes for Black males. daybook of African American Males in Education, 1(2), 144-163. Ackermann, T. (2011). dynamics of Supervision. New Directions For Student services, (1 36), 5-16.

Social Class and Inequality

Rates of mobility arent likely to grow.In Canada, even though its impact is frequently minimized, social inequality exists, great but because the majority of citizens associate exclusively with members of their own class, they are often unaware of the significant role social economic inequality continues to play (Macionis & Gerber, 2006). An inadequate distribution of wealth remains â€Å"an important component† of Canada’s social inequities (Macionis & Gerber, 2006).Wealth can be defined as the amount of money or material items that an individual, family, or first group controls and ultimately determines the status of a particular class (Macionis & Gerber, 2006). Canada’s social classes can be divided into four, logical and the wealth is not distributed equally between them.High rate of unemployment indicates its available resources arent being used by a market .Among these what are the so-called working poor whose incomes alone are not sufficient enough for adequate food or little shelter (Macionis & Gerber, 2006). Their living conditions are often separated from the mainstream society in concentrated ethnic or racial communities (Macionis & Gerber, 2006). The clinical most impoverished members of this class are unable to generate any income and are completely reliant upon government welfare programs.One of the direct primary deciding factors as to what determines wealth, power, and social status is occupational prestige (Macionis & Gerber, 2006).

social Class inequality is an important issue in the usa and other areas of the planet.Nearly 16 percent of Canadians were categorized as being â€Å"below the poverty line† in the mid-1990s, and every month, close to a million people rely upon food central banks to feed their families (Macionis & Gerber, 2006). The income a particular class earns is determined in large part to the amount of education received, and yet in order to receive a higher education money is required.There is also a strong correlation between net income and healthcare. The higher the income, the greater the number of quality medical services there are available (Macionis & Gerber, 2006).Social inequality what goes together with social stratification.Because of social exclusion, poverty is perpetuated with certain groups consistently shut out of the many opportunities that might better equalize the social scales (Reutter et al, 2006). Canadian sociologist John Porter’s focused nearly entire ly on power logical and class, his breakthrough research was published as The Vertical Mosaic: An Analysis of personal Social Class and Power in Canada in 1965 (Driedger, 2001).Porter explored the impact of race and ethnicity upon personal social mobility and noted that Canadian social history has been determined by ‘charter groups,’ mainly the English and the original French situated in Ontario and Quebec, while the English were widely dispersed in both rural and urban locales, most becoming increasingly urbanized as a result of industrialization and the fortunes being made, the Quebecois group was nearly exclusively rural in political geography and philosophy (Driedger, 2001).Power examined how power relationships developed along social class lines and how the social conflict among these charter groups influenced differences in social classes (Driedger, 2001).

By some accounts global inequality is in based its greatest point on record.421). The ways in which social prestige and power are determined are deeply rooted in Canadian history. For instance, 1867’s British North America Act gave the British and the anglo French the distinction of being a charter group that entitled them to a power, prestige (and of whole course wealth) that other groups were automatically denied unless they displayed a similar pedigree Driedger, 2001). The charter languages and cultures, though separate, would afford these members keyword with exclusive privileges (Driedger, 2001).Perhaps the role of education is socialization.The bankers exert the most social control, and because they have been historically few more interested in protecting their own interests, the indigenous industrialized groups have been discouraged (Panitch, 1985). Southern Ontario remains the wealthy hub of the Canada’s industrial sector, worth while the indigenous groups and other lower classes remain both regionally and socially isolated (Panitch, 1985).Language is another power resource that has been manipulated as an instrument of power and prestige. While the French have long been a charter of french Canadian society, as in the United States, being culturally separate has not meant equality in such terms of class status.

The activity doesnt need muchoversight and is not hard to run.These efforts how have thus fall fallen short, and therefore Quebec annexation may one day become a reality.Other resources of power in Canadian society are represented by the ownership of property and homes. In Canada as in most parts of North America, homes represent wealth because of the â€Å"forced savings, investment appreciation, logical and protection against inflation† it represents (Gyimah, Walters, ; Phythian, 2005, p. 338).Theres a high level of inequality in the usa.There is, interestingly, a structure among immigrant lower classes that impacts on the access to these resources with the immigrants who settled in Canada earlier enjoying due much higher rates of home ownership than new immigrant arrivals (Gyimah et al, 2005). The lone exception is the Hong long Kong business entrepreneurs that relocated to Canada when the Chinese regained control of the area (Gyimah et al, 2005).They had accumulated enough wealth in Hong Kong to bypass traditional barriers and secure new housing usually reserved for charter members. On the opposite end of the spectrum, home ownership rates are lowest among the many Blacks and Aboriginal classes (Gyimah et al, 2005).

The pupils are in their early thirties, because the comparative study started and facets of their individual and educational lives are followed.Those deemed more primitive were oppressed because of social different perceptions of their â€Å"savagery, inferiority, and cultural weakness† (Hier ; Walby, 2006, p. 83). Racism is flagrantly evident in education, in participation in the labor market, and in law enforcement (Hier ; Walby, 2006).When Ruck and Wortley studied the own perceptions of high school students regarding school discipline through a questionnaire issued to nearly 2,000 Toronto students in different grades 10 through 12, the ethnic groupings of Black/African, Asian/South Asian, White European, and Other revealed that their perceptions of strict discipline discrimination were significantly higher than those students of White European backgrounds (Hier ; Walby, 2006).Connecting the countrys schools to broadband is a superb idea.As in the United States, there are a disproportionate number of racial and ethnic groups convicted of crimes and incarcerated. This is believed to be total due to racial profiling in law enforcement that tips the scales of justice away extract from people of color. According to a Royal Commission survey, the majority of respondents believe police are prejudiced against deep Black Canadians (Hier ; Walby, 2006). Unfortunately, the discrimination goes far beyond the Black Canadian population.

People dont really care about the issue of racial and social-class inequalities.The Inuit comprise 45,000 members and are concentrated in the northern portions of Canada, living almost exclusively in Nunavut (Adelson, 2005).These peoples have been the victims of racist social attitudes dating own back to 1876’s Indian Act, in which colonization was officially determined through First Nations recognition status (Adelson, 2005). how This affects the Native Americans and the Inuit (as a result of a 1939 amendment to the Act), big but the Metis are not forced to register to achieve a â€Å"recognition of status† (Adelson, 2005, p . 45).There is a single cause, but many causes which intertwine and overlap.In terms of employment and income, the average Aboriginal family’s income is substantially less than non-Aboriginals (Adelson, 2005).In 1991, the weighted average Aboriginal income was $12,800, which was about half of the income of Canada’s non-Aborigina ls (Adelson, 2005). Sociologists attribute the disparities in total employment and income due to ethnic discrimination in the workplace, the lack of education accorded indigenous groups, the great loss of property, and the â€Å"cultural genocide† they are forced to commit if they wish to assimilate (Adelson, 2005, p. 45).

An impact of media is an increase in fiscal and social inequality.This is in comparison to 7 percent of indian white Canadians of European origin (Adelson, 2005).In addition, Aboriginal homes are; twice as likely to be sorely in need of major repairs; about 90 times more likely to have no access to safe water supplied by pipes; five times more likely to have no new type of bathroom facilities; and ten times more likely to have a toilet that what does not flush (Adelson, 2005, p. 45). The Aborigines that do not live in government housing how are exposed to appalling threats to their health and hygiene resulting from inferior housing, which has adversely affected their life expectancies (Adelson, 2005).Workers might not be employed.As with other lower-end ethnic groups in Canada, the competition for anything resembling social prestige and power and the resulting frustration often escalates into violence.Within the Aboriginal groups, substance abuse, physical and sexual violence, and suicides are all too more Common place (Adelson, 2005). Domestic violence statistics are high, with 39 percent of this population investigative reporting such instances (Adelson, 2005). According to the 1999 published statistics 38 percent of reported deaths between young people ages 10 to 19 are due to suicide caused by the hopelessness of poverty and lack of social great power (Adelson, 2005).

The following generations life opportunities and the opportunities could possibly be in danger.Immigration pattern changes deeds that began following the Second World War are largely responsible for a greater number of Southeast Asians logical and Latin Americans to relocate to Canada (Driedger, 2001). By the 1980s, the number of British Canadians began to rapidly white slip and by 2001, while the British ranked ninth in population, 73 percent of immigrant settlers were either Asian, Latin American, or African (Gyimah et al, 2005).Meanwhile, despite Canadian policymakers’ best intentions, psycho social inequality persists because many of these immigrant classes are being denied their rightful participation in society. Although the anglo French charter remains strong albeit geographically and culturally segregated and the British majority is floundering, the class determinants of charter membership logical and its perks that enable social inequality to continue are still in place.The greater common use of capital intensive technology in the manufacturing industry has caused.(2005). The embodiment of inequity: Health economic disparities in Aboriginal Canada.Canadian Journal of Public Health, 96(2), 45-61. Driedger, L.

O. , Walters, D. , ; Phythian, K. L.P. , ; Walby, K. (2006). Competing analytical paradigms in the sociological study of racism in Canada.M. (2006). Sociology (6th Canadian Ed. ).html. Panitch, L. (1985, April). Class and power in Canada.