Hester Prynne Is a Feminist Essay Example

Hester Prynne Is a Feminist Paper The Scarlet Letter can easily be audited as early feministic piece of literature. Nathaniel Hawthorne created a story that exemplifies Hester as a strong female character living with her choices, whether they were ethical or unethical (Hawthorne, 52). Hester Prynne is a feminist who refuses to accept the subordinate role of women because she has financial, emotional, and intellectual independence. Hester Prynne is comparable to a modern feminist because of her admirable actions and brave choices (suffragist). Hester reveals she is a resilient woman when she is prosecuted by the male authority and laws set down by the male population of her society. I feel her refusal to show shame or guilt at a victimless crime of passion, is an assertion of her independence in this society where womens main purpose was of procreation (Burnett). Her independence from the supporting power of a man and her own personal drive shows the power of human emotion that surpasses any historical idea of womanhood (suffragist). Hester shows that she’s a passionate woman and does not let the male authority impact her and her daughter Pearl life. We will write a custom essay sample on Hester Prynne Is a Feminist specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Hester Prynne Is a Feminist specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Hester Prynne Is a Feminist specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Hester is comparable to a modern feminist because she feels passion for what she believes in, she does not abide to how women should act during her time, and she acts by the laws she has set up for herself. Hester Prynne shows that she is financially independent when she supports her daughter and herself by her skills (Reiss). She is coerced into being financially independent when Arthur Dimmesdale and Roger Chillilngsworth would not help support Hester and her child Pearl financially (Hawthorne, 47). She then discovers one of her talents and that supports her family by becoming seamstress (Hawthorne). I feel this shows that she does not need a man to support her and depend on; she is a strong woman figure that could do all this on her own. Hester also shows that she is independent another way, emotionally. Hester Prynee is emotionally independent, because she is not dependent on a man figure for emotional support for her problems. She shows independence in handling her own problems and emotions that stem out of these factors (Burnett). Being emotionally independent is a good quality to possess as it shows a strong-willed and independent woman who can handle herself in tough situations and Hester does show this as a quality (suffragist). For example, she has to cope going through society as a sinner and wearing the letter alone, she can not relate to anyone and does not have anyone to â€Å"lean on† for support . As shown in this qoute â€Å"But Hester Prynne, with a mind of native courage and activity, and for so long a period not merely estranged, but outlawed, from society, had habituated herself to such latitude of speculation as was altogether foreign to the clergyman. She had wandered, without rule or guidance, in a moral wilderness. . . . The scarlet letter was her passport into regions where other women dared not tread. Shame, Despair, Solitude! These had been her teachers,—stern and wild ones,—and they had made her strong, but taught her much amiss (Hawthorne, 183). She is going through all of this alone. Another example is when she is standing on the scaffold. She has to stay strong for her daughter, while the public ridicules her for her actions (Hawthorne). But she also shows characteristics for being intellectually independent. As shown in this quote â€Å"She stood apart from moral interests, yet close beside them, like a ghost that revisits the familiar fireside and can no longer make itself seen or felt, no more smile with the household joy, nor mourn with the kindred sorrow; or, should it succeed in manifesting its forbidden sympathy, awakening only terror and horrible repugnance. (Hawthorne, 88) Intellectual independence is the most important form of independence. Intellectual dependence happens when Hester starts thinking for herself (suffragist). Hester does filtering ideas of her own, and she definitely does not accept other peoples’ advice blindly. Intellectual independence means she is willing to experiment, explore and leave no stone unturned in the search for understanding (Clavaron). I feel Hester does avoid ideas that do not fit neatly into her world view. She will think through ideas herself instead of blindly accepting predigested facts from other people. For example, she never listened to Roger Chillingsworths’ suggestions, such telling the identity of her lover so that she could be judged and seen differently, then her lover would then be exposed and ridiculed. As shown in his quote â€Å"Wherefore dost thou desire it? † inquired Hester, shrinking, she hardley knew why, from this secret bond. â€Å"Why not announce thyself openly, and cast me off at once†. â€Å"I will keep thy secret, as I have his. †(Hawthorne, 68-69) Like all forms of independence, intellectual independence is personal. As Hawthorne says in this quote â€Å"She had wandered, without rule or guidance, into a moral wildern ess. Her intellect and heart had their home, as it were, in desert places, where she roamed as freely as the wild Indian in his woods. The scarlet letter was her passport into regions where other women dared not tread. Shame, Despair, Solitude! These had been her teachers stern and wild ones and they had made her strong, but taught her much amiss† (Hawthorne, 186). This shows that Hester Prynne is independent through financial, emotional, and even through intellectual independence. By being this independent she is seen as a modern day feminist when she deliberately chooses to rebel against the Puritan society in her relationship with Dimmesdale and her protection of him (Hawthorne, 68). She is a feminist who refuses to accept the subordinate role of women and has financial, emotional, and finally intellectual independence Work Cited Burnett, Paula. Hester. New Statesman Society 2 Sept. 1994: 36. Academic OneFile. Web. 20 Oct. 2010. Clavaron, Yves. Etudes francophones, postcolonial studies: Entre mesentente cordiale et strategies partagees. Neohelicon: Acta comparationis litterarum universarum 35. 2. 2008: 39+. Academic OneFile. Web. 20 Oct. 2010. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter. United States: Modern Library, 2000. Print Hester. Publishers Weekly 256. 47. 2009: 38. Academic OneFile. Web. 20 Oct. 2010. Reiss, John. Hawthorns The Scarlet Letter. . The Explicator 53. 4. 1995: 200+. Academic OneFile. Web. 20 Oct. 2010. suffrage. (Definition). The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, 3rd ed. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company, 2002. Academic OneFile. Web. 20 Oct. 2010. suffragist. (Definition). The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, 3rd ed. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company, 2002. Academic OneFile. Web. 20 Oct. 2010.

Range of strategies and success of the business

Range of strategies and success of the business The orange company In business one of the most flexible variable in and organisations long-term profitability is its strategy. Here are different conceptual generalizations that attempt to describe what a strategy is.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Range of strategies and success of the business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The most universal of these suggests that a strategy is a description of how an organization intends to manipulate and utilize its available resources to succeed amidst the whims of the competitive market. Success in the general business context can be held to mean substantial shareholder return as well as peaceful and ethical operations within the country legislative regime (Kolb, 1976). Generally a company’s strategy entails a critical and analytical evaluation of the company from a functional approach. It therefore embraces a number of decisions made in various departmental areas of the organization. The objective here is to ensure that every effort made within the strategy leads to an increase in shareholder value. The decisions stemming from this strategy are then implemented through further delibarettion of the decisions at lower levels of the Organization. The most important virtue in this whole process is consistency. The more consistent the decisions within a strategy the better it becomes At the functional level the main strategies are formulated on six main levels. These include marketing, product development, operations, finance, human resources as well as the information technology function. From these segmentations two main divisions of decisions are formulated. These majorly focus on either operations or investment. Decisions concerned with operations involve the short term achievements of the firm within the current markets. Investment options on the other hand critically evaluate the firm’s position in as far as future investment opportuni ties are concerned. The firm is essentially broken into a number of functions. The different organizations may brand their functions differently but the main generic divisions include marketing, product development, operations, finance, human resources as well as information technology. Organizations have a wide variety of strategic approaches and methods in which they may develop their strategy.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These techniques include the Just-In-Time and Total Quality Management. The objective of these strategies is to ensure that all the basic functions of the organizations work together. The test for the efficiency of this strategy is majorly based on the ability of the functions to collectively contribute to the overall strategy Within 30 months of its launch the Orange Company’s Business Services segment has acquired world wide fame as a worldwide business provider. This has added to the already existing global leadership on the business to business market. It has managed to maintain a stable and consistent command of the market factors using these to steer its profitability rates. The secret behind this success has been through its carefully elected and developed functional strategies. The process of development entails the translation of the overall strategy into subdivisions in the form of other strategies that are easy to adopt and implement at the functional level. They are majorly constructed in the form of shorter term goals as well as a tactical time frame set for the accomplishment of these sub strategies. The company has adjusted its enterprise line of business making it into the main tool for driving the company to unmatched levels in the Orange business to business strategy. Its main strong holds have been on its financial portfolio as well as an aggressive outreach to its consumer base by maintaining and efficient customers care. The process of leveraging the strong dynamic of Orange Business Services as well as a sustained domestic business to business activity profile within the countries in which it offers its services. The analysis results to the development of a team that manages the creation and regulation of a market strategy. The strategy mainly seeks to embrace the demands of the 3 Cs customers, competitors and company. In the process it serves the best interests of the market as a whole. Concentration on a single segment allows the developed strategy to adapt to customer needs that fall within the defined the 4 Ps for each segment product, price, promotion and place. For instance the company opened a new customer solution center has in one of its main consumer base in Singapore. The main purpose of this new creation is to facilitate a demonstration to senior executives on methods and procedures that are necessary for flexible solutions and services that target parti cular business and industry concerns.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Range of strategies and success of the business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The company has gone out of its way to contradict trends in the ICT industry as well as the methods adopted by competitors in the market. The company has responded to the market trends and the need for a sharp edged management that is responsive to the contemporary market requirements. The mobile subscribers have a general trend of being influenced by a responsive service provider. It is therefore the obligation of the producer to maintain a high level of regard for the consumer’s needs as well as those of the industry. The adoption of this approach led to an increase in the company’s revenue by a 2 % margin within a period of 9 months as shown in the graph below The firm has also considered the benefits that accrue from telepresence. This strategy cuts travel time and costs and allows the company to reduce the impact on the environmental footprint. However this concept is not important to the organization unless it can be modified and adjusted to improve the speed of decision making involved in the process of research and development. In fact the concept allows people within various regions to engage in a multi-region marketing team with members with a membership that draws interest from various countries and client bases around the continent within a short span (Winther, 2009). In some cases it has been used on a weekly basis to coordinate the simultaneous coordination and management of the launch of new technology on a real-time basis without the bother of travelling across all these countries to facilitate this process. The company has engaged in consumer based strategies in its business services segment winning its customers hearts and encaging their minds in their world class consumer relations and service that has targeted t he consumers satisfaction as its main and only objective. Statistics form Telemark Services one of the leading research firms and an authority on market analysis in as far as IT and telecommunication services is concerned has vouched for the company as the only supplier whose final product relates with the consumer on an emotional and rational level. This has motivated a positive and aggressive demonstration of a high level of confidence by the consumer. This data was gathered from 745 interviews conducted in 2009 from a sample of consumers in the telecommunication market.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The company has also engaged in strategic alliances that are aimed at maintaining a competitive edge in the volatile technological environment. The company has entered into a partnership with Cisco, EMC and VMware to create an alliance dubbed Flexible 4 Business (Porter, 1985). This alliance is an attempt at providing convenience to the consumer in as far as business is concerned. The Telecoms industry market and service structure has grown tremendously over the years. This advancement may be associated with the major technological advancements in the field of innovations alongside an aggressive and increasing customer demands for more a high degree of flexibility as well as converged services that can be easily and conveniently accessed from a single device. The market has grown even more sophisticated with the consumers falling for those services that can be accessed from more than one device (Matias, 2007). The rate at which internet based new technologies have invaded the market with specific regard to the mobile market has allowed them to penetrate the market with much more vigor. It has also created room for new and modern service providers to offer new and value creating services that can all be offered all in one go. These groupings no longer require the individualized access procedures allowing the consumer to be more flexible. The demand for internet based products is actually expected to grow exponentially over the next few years as indicated by the graph below. It is this need that has motivated the need for a technology that offers an all inclusive package to the consumer. In the face of the new technological approach of cloud computing the company has used this partnership to further the prospects of tits benefits that include end-to-end computing services for enterprises. The market responds very fast to nee technology and therefore the company has allowed a smooth transition for its customers to cloud computing and allowed them to take advantag e of the flexibility gained form this infrastructure. The strategy also guarantees a reduction in the costs involved in transactions and convenience in the business world. Aside from the radical technological innovations the comprehensive and liberal policies that have been set up to regulate the industry have created a comfortable environment for the entry into this market. As it were this presents more competition for the company and begs for a strategy that will allow it to maintain a head start in the market preferences (Johnson Scholes, 1997). The fierce competition has captured a significant portion of the market limiting the scope of expansion and reducing the rate at which the company’s profits grow. In the face of this state of affairs alongside the declining profits generated from voice and narrowband services the Flexible 4 Business cloud services portfolio seeks to increase the company’s market command and ensure diversify the company’s sources of i ncome to avoid reliance on one line of production. The partnership has resulted in the creation of a product that is contains infrastructure-as-a-service elucidation. This individualized product is created to consider support services and privacy targeted for the customer. It also considers many other services that ensure the customer with conveniences that allows operation of different devices and also smooth communication. The company will therefore enjoy the benefits of having an IT service enterprise without having to create their own which would be an infeasible project at least within the next decade. The flexible 4 business portfolio will guarantee the company unlimited access to the convenient services of cloud computing and increase its product variety (Eynard, 1995). The company is therefore provided with an opportunity to offer end to end services with the close guidance and assistance from the best collection of technologies in the market. The unification of these compan ies is a subjective approach that seeks to ensure that the market externalities and business loopholes that are created by market gaps. The cloud computing portfolio financed by the Flexible 4 Business alliance, allows the company to enjoy the added advantage of software and IT company without having to set up its own. Orange Business Services seeks to take advantage of the end to- end service delivered from the by the use of cloud. The partnership brings together the very best breed of technologies in the market. The Flexible 4 Business alliance is the ultimate investment vehicle that integrates and pre-tests the firms strategies to ensure that they are tuned to deliver higher application performance across the enterprise (Chan-Olmsted Jamison, 2001). Conclusion As convergence takes its toll in the telecoms industry, the players continue to adjust their strategies to align themselves with Next Generation business models he hope that they will keep afloat of the competition and als o maintain a profitability index (Runhaar and Lafferty, 2007) . The transition to these new technologies for companies such as Orange requires a great amount of planning and deliberation as well as adjustment of the company’s strategies to fit appropriately in this race. The company has continued to reinvent its product as its moves towards the convergence between the telecommunications industry and internet coverage. It is common ground that players in this industry have only to take a leap of faith in the adoption of the various strategies since the future in technology is very volatile. References Chan-Olmsted, S. Jamison, M.   ( 2001)Rivalry through alliances.Competitive Strategy in the Global Telecommunications Market. European Management Journal, 19(3), 317-331. Eynard, C.(1995) A methodology for the performance evaluation of data query strategies in universal mobile telecommunication systems (UMTS). Selected Areas in Communications, IEEE Journal. Johnson, G., Schole s, K, (1997) Exploring Corporate Strategy. Prentice-Hall Europe. Kolb, D. (1976) Management and the learning process. California Management Review  Matias, R.(2007) Contested Resources :Unions Employers and the Adoption of New Work Practices in US and UK Telecmmunication. British Journal of Industrial Relations 45 495-517. Porter M., (1985) Competitive Advantage. The Free Press, Runhaar, H. and Lafferty, H.(2007) Governing Corporate Social Responsibility: An Assessment of the Contribution of the UN Global Compact to CSR Strategies in the Telecommunications Industry. Journal of business ethics. Winther, M. (2009) Telecom Services Excellence in Customer Care - WhoCares? The Orange Business Services Strategy to Manage by Customer Loyalty. The orange business. Available from https://www.orange-business.com/en

Panera Bread Case Study Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Panera Bread Case Study - Research Paper Example The company has been quite fortunate to be mentioned by the Wall Street Journal as the one of the middle sized cafà © which provides excellent service and superior quality food to its customers. The management structure went through changes during the year 2007 which assisted the company to focus more clearly on the designed goals. As of 2013, Panera Bread has been operating in Canada as well as in more than thirty states and successfully delivering its authentic bread in a warm and cozy ambience by ensuring efficient service. The mission of Panera Bread is based on the concept of ‘A loaf of bread in every arm’. Panera’s aim is to emphasize much on its strategy of Bread Leadership in which they strive to offer fresh bread to savor the taste buds of its customers across the US states and Canada. The management staff at Panera is well aware of its goals and objectives and ensures that the best product, service and ambience is experienced by the customers at both company operated and franchises of Panera Bread. Freshly baked bread that is made available to all its cafes everyday serves as the differentiating feature for Panera bread and all the efforts are directed towards the achievement and maintenance of this key feature. The key strategy of Panera is to keep itself updated technologically and innovatively in such a way that it stands strongly in competition. The mission statement of Panera serves as the driving force for its strategy. Panera keeps revising and updating its menu so as to meet the organic and healthy food requirements of its customers. The price of food charged at Panera is a little higher than those of its rivals because Panera believes in delivery real quality to its customers in terms of product, ambience and service and it cannot risk this goal by offering cheap rates for customers’ attention. Strengthening the differentiation feature of freshly baked bread reaching the restaurants of Panera Bread everyday is also a key part of the

Ethical Processes Within Companies Nike Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ethical Processes Within Companies Nike - Essay Example Indera Nababan, the member of the Yakoma, a nonprofit organization in Indonesia, also said that the company pays the underaged employees with a basic minimum wage of 5,200 Indonesian rupiahs, equivalent to US $2.17, that is barely enough for them to survive and show up at work the next day. (Harsono, 1996) Another instance of the was seen in Cambodia where Nike, a company which offers millions of dollars worth of sponsorship deals, was caught having children, as young as 12 years old, as employees. These children were being paid a mere 31 pounds a month. This evidence was caught on tape by BBC journalists filming undercover at the Nike factory in Cambodia. Moreover, a child was found having false papers as a proof of age to get the job. (Johnson, 2000) In response to the allegations that were made regarding the underage employment in Indonesia, Phil Knight, CEO of Nike, declared a set of policies that were going to be adopted by Nike as code of conduct (Connor, 2001). These included setting a minimum age of 18 years for employment in the footwear factory in Indonesia. Also, the company promised to meet U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration’s (OSHA) standards in the work environment. Moreover, the employees were promised to be given education of high school equivalen t courses in the factories.These policies were enough to change the picture of child labor Indonesia. The decision of minimum age was widely considered to be a brave step by Nike to eradicate child labor, at least from its domain.Nike took another bold step and pulled out its factory in Cambodia after being stamped with the child labor scandal. Following the allegations, Nike management in Britain initiated

There should be no Laws telling Christians what to do on a Sunday Essay Example for Free

There should be no Laws telling Christians what to do on a Sunday Essay I think that the above statement can be interpreted ambiguously and can be argued from a significant number of points of view. Firstly I would just like to highlight the noteworthy amount of views from different branches of Christianity. They exist in the form of the Liberals, the Fundamentalists, and so on. All different groups within Christianity have different views on the topic of the Sabbath. The Liberals, for example take the view that some, but not an awful lot, of time is needed to be given to God. They believe that you should go to Mass and pray every so often but they dont carry out the same level of strictness and loyalty that the Fundamentalists, for example hold the view of. These different views are needed in the World because not everyone holds the same view on the Sabbath. Fundamentalists think that every little detail of the Sabbath Law should be observed and carried out. Their view, in the opinion of others, is somewhat extreme and is probably the group that would concur with the statement in question most. If there were no rules telling Christians what to do on the Sabbath this would probably be the group that would formulate some. They take the view that God gave his life for us, so we should repay the favour in exactly the same way. But, we should repay God for all the goodness he has gave us. You can see the view of the two above groups particularly well and can probably relate to one of their views but you should understand them. This is unless you are a Christian who doesnt care at all about their religion and in that case you would agree most definitely with the above statement and see it as totally infallible. And, in my opinion, these are the sorts of people that hardly know what religion they are. With the exception to the above group the worst people, I think, are those of the Liberal view who are fed up with worshiping their God on the Sabbath. These are the people who take the view that there should be no laws telling Christians what to do on a Sunday simply because they could not be bothered carrying them out. They may use the argument that there is to be valuable money to be earned, which is a valid point, but still does not give an excuse to not honour your creator: at least a little bit. Some people just do not recognise the fact that God sacrificed his life for man and that that deserves a bit of remuneration. This is primarily why they think that they should not have to do anything on the Sabbath. Some say that it is not practical for them to worship God on the Sabbath due to change in the ages, the industrial revolution and so on, has meant that people have more to do on a Sunday, shops have taken this to extreme, though, , led by retailing giant Marks and Spencers, they are now open for business on Sunday, the same with pubs. This is because maximum profit is to be earned on a Sunday and it is maybe understandable in these ages that this happens. In my opinion, after weighing up all the arguments, I think that the one group of people, and indeed the minority of the Christian religion, the Keep Sunday Special campaigners have got it right. They take the view that Sunday should be a day that should be totally be devoted to God and that absolutely no un-necessary work should be done. I agree with this because lying down and having a day of rest after, for most people, a working, stressful week, is not all that hard and doing no work is certainly no big task. This is basically the height of difficulty involved in the Sabbath Laws so therefore I do not agree with the above statement, conclusion, there should be laws telling Christians what to do on a Sunday.

Corruption Probe against Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif

Corruption Probe against Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif Panama Papers and Corruption Probe against Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif A case of tax avoidance Panama Papers[1] or Panama leaks refer to information based on 11 million documents involving more than two hundred thousand off shore companies. These documents contain confidential information about financial affairs of various affluent individuals and families across the globe. While some of the offshore entities are legal, some of the shell companies have been used for money laundering, tax evasion and fraud and hiding corruption money. The Panama leaks have led many governments to initiate investigations and legal proceeding against individuals whose names were found to be part of these papers. Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif belongs to the most prominent and one of the richest families in Pakistan. The Sharif family has been actively involved in politics since last 30 years. Nawaz Sharif has served as a 12th Prime Minister of Pakistan in two non-consecutive terms from November 1990 to July 1993, and from February 1997 to October 12, 1999. He is now serving under his third terms as a Prime Minister since June 2013. His brother, Shahbaz Sharif is the current Chief Minister of the province of Punjab. Their third generation is also actively involved in the politics. Panama Papers do not implicate either Nawaz or Shahbaz Sharif. However, these papers do identify in-laws of Shahbaz and children of Nawaz to offshore companies. Nawazs children have been tied to four offshore companies, Nescoll Limited, Nielson Holdings Limited, Coomber Group Inc., and Hangon Property Holdings Limited. The companies acquired luxury real estate in London during 2006-2007. The real estate was collateral for loans of up to $13.8 million according to the Panama Papers. The prime ministers children[2] say the money came from the sale of a family business in Saudi Arabia[3]. The Panama Papers have identified Maryam as the joint owner with her brother Hussain of Coomber Group. The three companies obtained a  £7 million mortgage from the Swiss bank, Deutsche Bank (Suisse) SA and purchased f our appartments in at 118 Park Lane in London. Hassan, the other brother, bought Hangon Holdings and its stock in 2007 for  £5.5 million. Hangon, bought property, financed through the Bank of Scotland, at 1 Hyde Park Place in London.[4] Nawaz Sharif and his family used the services of a law firm, Mossack Fonseca[5], to create their offshore companies. They help their clients in creating complex shell company structures that, while legal, also allow the firms clients to operate behind an often impenetrable wall of secrecy. These offshore or shell companies help the owners to avoid any corporate taxes, withholding taxes, income tax, capital gains tax, local taxes, and estate or inheritance taxes, including gift taxes.   This arrangement is ethical and legitimate as long there is no secrecy or corruption money involved. However, this issue becomes questionable when it involves money laundering by corrupt politicians, public officials and criminal organizations. In Nawaz Sharif s case, few questions arise; what is the real source of this money and did Sharif family paid tax on this money? Recently, opposition parties have filed several petitions in the Supreme Court of Pakistan to investigate charges of corruption against the Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif in connection with Panama Papers disclosures. The Supreme Court has appointed a commission to probe corruption charges against the prime minister. The Court has issued notices to his daughter Maryam, sons Hasan and Hussain, son-in-law Muhammad Safdar, finance minister Ishaq Dar, director general Federal Investigation Agency, chairman Federal Board of Revenue, and the attorney general. The case is still being heard in the court and the court has not reached to a decision as yet. Our paper will focus on ethical issues around undeclared offshore assets and tax evasion and then we will try to reach to a conclusion whether Sharif family can be implicated for tax evasion or not. Lets first examine the ethics of tax avoidance and tax evasion. For our ethical analysis, we will apply Utilitarianism[6] approach and the Deontology[7] approach. The Utilitarianism approach states that ethics of tax avoidance cannot be determined theoretically because this evaluation depends, ultimately, on the quality of the government. The latter approach states that tax avoidance is an unethical behavior, since the result of this evaluation creates an irrational outcome. Despite the fact that the Utilitarianism and the Deontology approaches do not bring a unique result, this examination indicates that, in general, tax evasion is unethical. The only possibility in which tax avoidance would be ethical is when the government is expected to spend the tax revenue in a not good way.   Despite the existence of other relevant approaches on Ethics, these two represent the most studied and examined methods, which usually bring trustworthy results in an ethical investigation, and for this reason, they are appropriate to achieve the objectives of this paper. We will discuss the differences and similarities between tax avoidance and tax evasion, and will depict two recent cases of tax avoidance. Then we will use the theory about Utilitarianism and Deontology, and how these theories can be applied to different approaches of tax avoidance. Before we proceed further, we have to define tax avoidance and tax evasion. Tax avoidance is defined as the use of legal methods to modify an individuals financial situation to lower the amount of income tax owed. This is generally accomplished by claiming the permissible deductions and credits[8].   In 1873 case, US vs Isham, the court gave a ruling that a company cannot be held liable for the activities that are undertaken to reduce the tax burden while following a legal process[9]. This opinion outlines the boundaries of tax avoidance, which is the acceptance that this is a legal way to reduce tax payments; therefore it is a perfectly legal tax structure. However, when an individual or a company exploits the gaps in the tax law and minimizes the tax burden through legal but opposite to the purpose of tax law, then such act is construed as unethical. The offshore or shell companies are a perfect example of clever tax planning to minimize or totally avoid the tax liability. H ence, we can say that tax avoidance is unethical since it uses the gaps in the tax structure that were not expected or perceived by the government. Tax evasion is defined as an illegal practice where a person, organization or corporation intentionally avoids paying his true tax liability[10] .   Tax evasion is unethical as well as strictly illegal. It involves deliberate act of avoiding taxes through violation or circumvention of tax laws. In order to establish whether tax avoidance is a kind of conduct considered ethically right or wrong, it is necessary to make use of the ethical approaches. For the purpose of this work, as indicated above, the Utilitarianism and the Deontology approaches will be applied to tax avoidance. The Utilitarian approach[11] to tax avoidance, the means used to attempt the tax reduction is not taken in consideration. All taxpayer motivations and concerns are not contemplated; the only thing that will be evaluated is the result that a scheme would produce. Hence, to determine whether tax avoidance is a kind of conduct ethically right or wrong, it is necessary to evaluate the amount of utility or disutility it brings to the taxpayer, the State, or the society. A preliminary approach is possible to consider the taxpayer as a winner, and the State, representing the society, as a loser. Following the framework presented, the first duty is to evaluate the gain or loss of utility for taxpayers who undertook a tax avoidance arrangement. For this matter, it is necessary to assume that, for the taxpayer, less tax is always desirable. Thus for the taxpayer there is an inverse relation between its amount of tax liability and its perceived utility. Taken this assumption, and considering no other consequences, when a taxpayer makes use of a tax avoidance arrangement his utility grows considerably compared with his former situation. Therefore, taking the Utilitarianism criteria, for this taxpayer, the use of tax avoidance is an advantageous action and the right thing to do. After establishing that the tax avoidance arrangement increases the taxpayers utility, then it is necessary to investigate whether this scheme also increases the utilities of the State and society. In this case, the State results should be considered as society results, since the tax collected by states is assumed to be appropriate by the entire society, and, as a result, a good for the State is a good for the society. Tax avoidance arrangements as defined in this work reduce taxpayer liabilities and, therefore, reduce State revenue. States are expected to use revenue to pay their current obligations, but also to invest in State equipment to provide better lives to its citizens. However, there not have been any guarantees that the amount of revenue States collect will indeed be used in a desired way for society. In this case, the quality of public administration and state politics are the keys of the utility measure.   So to define if tax avoidance creates more or less utility for the society, it is necessary to evaluate whether this supplementary revenue (that which is paid by the taxpayer in the event he or she does not use the tax avoidance scheme) is expected to have a good use or not. It is not possible to define whether tax avoidance increases the societys utility without defining in advance if the resources obtained will be well spent by the government. As a matter of conclusion, it is possible to settle on the fact that the reduction in State revenue due to the use of tax avoidance schemes led to a reduction in societal utility. Although it is not possible to determine how governments would use the portion of tax avoided, even a little part of the supplementar y money received by the State can be applied in a good way, bringing some marginal benefit to the society. So, according to this reasoning, tax avoidance has a disutility to society, but the extent of its disutility will depend on the specific case analyzed. The question at this point is to weigh the benefit created by a tax avoidance arrangement to the taxpayer, versus the loss it brings to the society, hence determining whether tax avoidance in ethically right or wrong based in a Utilitarianism view. As seen above, the taxpayer views tax avoidance as creating utility and ought to be the right thing to do, but for the society the ethical judgment over tax avoidance relies on the expected quality of the State, and the effective return the revenue can bring to society. Consequently, it is not possible to define in a Utilitarianism view whether tax avoidance is ethically right or wrong, since the consequence of this conduct cannot be applied to all cases, but merely in specific cases under analysis. In short, using the Utilitarianism approach, the ethics of tax avoidance depend on the specific State where tax avoidance is supposed to happen. If the State tends to perform well with the tax revenue, tax avoidance is wrong, because this revenue will bring more utility to the society, even though the taxpayer will lose some utility. On the other hand, if the State manages tax revenue in an undesirable way, the utility created for the taxpayer will overcome the little disutility generated to the society. Using this arrangement will result in the presence of more utility, and therefore an ethical behavior. 44 4.2.2 The Deontological Approach to Tax Avoidance Deontological ethics, or Kantian ethics, points out that an individual ought to observe a moral norm before executing any action. Under this viewpoint, the intention of the individual ought to be in accordance with a moral norm, regardless of the expected and the effective consequences of this act. To apply the Ka ntian ethics is necessary to transform the situation under analysis in a maxim, and then this maxim should be evaluated as if it is a categorical imperative. As showed before, there are three formulations for the categorical imperative, but to analyze this kind of question, only the first formulation has adequacy to the characteristics of the maxim derived to the taxpayers behavior. This first formulation is one in which Kant pointed out that: Act only in accordance with that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it become a universal law. From this formulation, a given situation has to be transformed into a maxim, and this maxim has to be examined in such a way that the subject of maxim would desire that all actors would apply the conduct described in the maxim as a natural and universal law. Thus to value the ethics of tax avoidance, a maxim must be defined. This maxim should represent the conduct of a taxpayer while using this arrangement, and has to be a general statement that could be used in any situation, not only in the specific case. As previously observed, the use of a tax avoidance arrangement is the legal use of the loopholes or the methods not expected by the legislator to reduce taxpayer liabilities. This scheme is broadly considered within the law, nevertheless it is not a desirable scheme for the States due to the reduction in States revenue and for its anticompetitive consequences. In light of these issues, the maxim related to the use of tax avoidance by taxpayers could be defined as: taxpayers always make use of tax avoidance arrangements in order to reduce its tax liabilities. 45 This maxim generalized the taxpayers behavior as if it is a natural law to be applied to all possible actors. It is now necessary to test this maxim faced with the first categorical imperative formulation: Act only in accordance with that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it become a universal law. Under this first formulation, the tax avoidance maxim should be analyzed as if a taxpayer would desire that all others taxpayers in an economy make use of tax avoidance arrangements as a natural law. So, from the standpoint of the taxpayer it is necessary to evaluate if will be it desirable that all others taxpayers use the tax avoidance arrangement in the same way it is using the scheme. As a result, in examining this formulation, this maxim is an undesirable situation, because if all taxpayers reduce their tax liabilities by using a tax avoidance scheme, the total revenue received by a State will decline significantly, forcing the State to act harshly against this situation. For instance, this response can go from increasing the existent tax amounts to creating new taxes to support the obligations. Apart from this consequence, if all taxpayers reduce their liabilities[12], no one will have a competitive advantage, demonstrating that the scheme fails in benefiting any market participant. Therefore, the widespr ead use of tax avoidance arrangements will reduce State revenues to an insufficient level, leading to efforts to somehow increase their revenues, the most common way being elevating the amount collected by the existing tax or to create new taxes altogether. As a result, applying categorical imperatives over the tax avoidance maxim brings the particular taxpayer and others to a situation equal or inferior than before, which denotes that this is not a rational maxim and thus not an ethical action. CONCLUSION Since the beginning of the twentieth century, societies around the world have been demanding more goods and service from states. Aside from demands in goods and services, demands for health care, transportation facilities, energy supply, among others, can also be observed. Also as an important issue, there has been a large and constant claim for more welfare spending. 46 Notwithstanding these demands, people in general refuse to pay more taxes to fund this increasing spending by States: They want more from the State but want to avoid paying for the higher presence of States in their lives. But to refuse to pay these taxes is, as a rule, an illegal act. Although people and organizations do not like to pay taxes, they pay in order to be within the law. As demonstrated in this work, tax avoidance is a kind of arrangement in which someone can reduce his or her tax liability in a legal way. For this reason, this arrangement has become increasingly common, resulting in very impr essive amounts of tax avoidance, and resulting in a reduction in States revenues. In view of these questions, States have been fighting against tax avoidance with real persistence but have not been very effective, mostly because taxpayers tend to have tax specialists ready to take advantage of an inevitable new tax rule that tries to combat tax avoidance. Even when States are truly efficient in setting a tax framework, taxpayers are usually more efficient than States. The most common methodology used by States to tackle tax avoidance is called GAAR, or General Anti Avoidance Rules. As viewed, almost all capitalist countries have some kind of GAAR to deal with the taxpayers who intend to make use of tax avoidance schemes. In this regard, the U.S. anti avoidance system is based in judicial decisions that constructed a framework of tests and theories applied to situations in which illegal tax avoidance is supposed to be perpetrated. In Brazilian cases, although there is not a totally o perational legal framework, the federal and local tax authorities have been using this law structure to fight against these arrangements. Hence, from the legal standpoint, there are not any remaining and relevant questions related to the legality of tax avoidance arrangements. It is recognized by the doctrines and judicial systems that tax avoidance arrangements are within the law. Nevertheless, from the ethical viewpoint, there has been different opinion about the ethics of tax avoidance, namely that it is unethical. 47 Society, in general, tends to consider tax avoidance as an unethical conduct, mainly when confronted with cases related to companies like Apple and Caterpillar, both studied in this work. However, Ethics as a subdivision of Philosophy has methodologies to deal with these kinds of questions. These methodologies are known as Ethical Standards, and among the Ethical Standards there are two that represent the strongest fields in the history of Ethics: the Utilitarianism and the Deontology approaches. In short, Utilitarianism tries to evaluate the ethics of an action by measuring the result of this action, while Deontology is concerned with the intent of the actor not with the result of its action. So, to analyze the ethics of tax avoidance, these two approaches were applied to this kind of tax arrangement. This work found an inconclusive answer using the Utilitarianism approach, but a conclusive answer when using Deontology. By employing the Utilitarianism approach, tax avoidance ethics will depend on the expected quality of the government. The arrangement will be considered ethical if the revenue that the State did not collect would not be used in a good and responsible way. On the other hand, if this revenue that the State did not collect was expected to be used wisely by the government, the use of tax avoidance arrangement by taxpayers will be unethical, morally reprehensive. Using the Deontology approach, after applying the categorical imperat ive to the maxim related to tax avoidance, the result is that tax avoidance is an unethical action. This is considered unethical because its use is not a rational behavior, since the final result does not bring any advantage for this taxpayer and probably results in cost without any return. As stated above, the ethical analysis using the framework developed by Utilitarianism and Deontology philosophers offered an answer to the question asked in the beginning of this work, but this answer was not consistent. These ambiguous results, however, do not invalidate the objectives of this research; they in fact emphasize the necessity to consider both approaches together in other to have a deeper perspective of the question at hand. Despite the differences in the results for countries where the government has a good historical use of the revenue obtained from taxation, both methodologies deny the use 48 of tax avoidance, declaring that this is an unethical behavior. Only in the countries wh ere the government has a bad historical use of the revenue obtained from taxation prompts the Utilitarianism approach to indicate that tax avoidance is an ethical action, but even in this case from a standpoint of Deontology, tax avoidance is still not ethical. The use of different ethical approaches can, as in this case, result in different ethical viewpoints, but, more importantly, the reasoning for this result can clarify the question under scrutiny. Another possibility to better deal with these questions is to extend this work by using others kinds of ethical approaches, like Virtue Ethics and Common Good Ethics. These two approaches, by using distinct methodology and theories, can exam the question here from different viewpoints, achieving maybe dissimilar results, but certainly improving the understanding of the topic The Article 62 of constitution of Pakistan requires a member of the Parliament to be righteous and honest[13]. The Panama Papers have raised a serious question about the integrity of Nawaz Sharif and his family. Final Page Grade: _______ [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama_Papers#Asia [2] Maryam Nawaz, Hassan Nawaz and Hussain Nawaz (three children of Nawaz Sharif) [3] http://www.wsj.com/articles/pakistan-prime-minister-upgrades-probe-into-panama-papers-affair-1461344499 [4] http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-36092356 [5] https://vgsomnews.wordpress.com/2016/04/29/panama-papers-leak-and-ethics-of-tax-havens/ [6] The utilitarian approach, also called utilitarianism, is essentially a moral principle that asserts that morally correct actions are those that provide the greatest volume of benefits over harms for the majority of people [7] Deontology (or Deontological Ethics) is an approach to Ethics that focuses on the rightness or wrongness of actions themselves, as opposed to the rightness or wrongness of the consequences of those actions (Consequentialism) or to the character and habits of the actor (Virtue Ethics) (http://www.philosophybasics.com/branch_deontology.html) [8] http://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/tax_avoidance.asp [9] Assaf Likhovski (2008, p. 52) [10] http://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/taxevasion.asp [11] https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Muel_Kaptein/publication/228174813_Three_General_Theories_of_Ethics_and_the_Integrative_Role_of_Integrity_Theory/links/543196ad0cf27e39fa9f93ea.pdf [12] http://eml.berkeley.edu//~saez/course/Slemrod,Yitzhaki%20PE%20Handbook%20chapter.pdf [13] http://www.na.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1333523681_951.pdf

Energy Audit at the Kolej Mawar in the UiTM Shah Alam

Abstraction The proposal presents a item undertaking of energy audit at the Kolej Mawar in the UiTM Shah Alam. The chief intent of this proposal to analyze on the energy ingestion in that edifice and to develop the GUI, so that user can cipher informations from the power analyzer equipment. Based on this information, the burden form and energy form ingestion at each edifice can be analysed and to give recommendation to cut down the energy ingestion, waste energy and to increase the energy efficiency of the edifice. Chapter1 IntroductionIntroductionAs twelvemonth 2020 attacks, Malaysia, a underdeveloped state, sees the demand of energy as a viral component to assist it to accomplish the mark of twelvemonth 2020, which is developed state. As it is, about half of the energy ingestion in the state is in industrial, residential and commercial sectors [ 1 ] . Universiti Teknologi Mara ( UiTM ) Shah Alam is one of the university directed by the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia ( MOHE ) to set up the program of green Technology [ 2 ] . Green Technology is the development and application of merchandise, equipment and system used to conserve the natural environment and resources, to minimise and cut down the negative impact of human activities [ 3 ] . Energy efficiency is a plan that brings great salvaging with proper planning and implemented right. The top direction should be informed about the current degree of operating efficiency, extra economy potencies and resources needed to accomplish it [ 4 ] . Therefore, the cooperation of top direction is lightly appreciated. Energy audit is a procedure to pull off the electrical energy ingestion efficaciously and to increase the energy efficiency. The energy audit discussed in this undertaking will be merely focused in the Kolej Mawar UiTM Shah Alam edifice. These edifice has a capacity of 3450 college pupils and began operations in May 2002 with the first consumption of pupils on semester Jun-Nov 2002. The College has four blocks of residential edifices viz. Block 1A – 5 degree, Block 1B – 5 degree, Block 2A – 8 degrees and block 2B – 10 degrees. College disposal edifice is located in the center of the Block 1A and 2A. These edifice is located near the entryway 2 UiTM and Health Center and next to the Kolej Melati. The intent of the four blocks in this edifice is house the female pupils. These edifice is non merely considered as pupil adjustment but serves as a topographic point of acquisition and pupil Centre. Besides that, for the college disposal constructing the intent to pull off the pupil and their activities. In these disposal edifice is accommodates 10 staff and operate during office hr fro m 8.00am to 5.00pm. Figure 1 shows the location of Kolej Mawar in UiTM Shah Alam. Figure 1: Location of Kolej Mawar.PROBLEM STATEMENTUiTM Shah Alam has spent about RM20, 819,758 electricity measure annually as in 2013. The measure ingestion comes from all colleges, installations, enrollment office, chancellery office, dining hall, athleticss Centre and street illuming about in UiTM Shah Alam. The high electricity measure cause from the use chilling system, illuming and equipment is used non suited for the supply energy at that edifice. The 2nd factor that can do the high electricity measure, is found that at the hair-raiser system. That is because, unsatisfactory current public presentation, operation and scheduling the centralized air- conditioning system. From the observations that have been done, it found that the some of the colleges in UiTM Shah Alam has non used electrical energy expeditiously. It is suspected that the Kolej Mawar one of the cause contribute the extremely measure public-service corporations compare to the other colleges by the old informations gathered. By do the walk-through audit, it found that in Kolej Mawar most of staff and pupils tend to go forth their electricity contraptions in status switch on. Students normally leave the suites with the lamp and fan switch-on status. Most of the staff leave their room with the air-conditioner with switch-on place. This bad wont can do blowing energy and increase in the monthly measure public-service corporations. Besides that, in this edifice the electrical energy has non been managed decently. For illustration, the lamps at the corridor colleges have been light on the daytime. Actually the lamp have been switch on to illume up the certain lamp at left side. However, because of the wiring have been set to illume all lamp with one switch when the switch is turn on. This deficient wiring can do the waste energy use in this edifice.AimTo analyze the energy use, burden profile and the energy efficiency of the chosen edifice.To analyze informations collected and develop Ocular BASIC ( VB ) package and to cipher the energy use of a edifice.To find the energy salvaging chances.Scope OF WORKThis undertaking is more focussed on analyzing the energy ingestions by package ocular BASIC ( VB ) , GUI to make the computation from the existent information. This energy audit, is conducted to seek chances to better the energy efficiency of the edifice in UiTM Shah Alam peculiarly Kolej Mawar. By the bettering the energy efficiency, the energy ingestions can be reduced and besides can extinguish the waste energy. Besides that, this undertaking besides focus to propose cost-efficient steps to better the efficiency of energy usage and appraisal of execution costs and payback periods for each recommended action. This undertaking can be divided in two stages:Phase 1 ( FYP 1 )Carry out overall energy audit for Kolej Mawar UiTM Shah Alam.Collect informations by walk-through audit the edifice and place the type of burden in that edifice.Analysis of energy use and burden profile from the natural information ( Flukes Analyser 435 and 1750 ) .2.Phase 2 ( FYP 2 )Develop the package plan to cipher the energy use and burden profile by utilizing Ocular Basic ( VB ) , GUI.Determining the energy salvaging chances and to propose the recommendation to the direction.Chapter2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1Introduction Based on research by Mohd Azrin [ 5 ] , the electrical energy at their FKE disposal block UTEM has non hold been managed decently. He found out that the anteroom lamps have been light on the daytime and the lamp and the air conditioners of certain room have been switched on although the room is empty. Such go oning gave rise to waste of the electrical energy. He suggested that, to increase the energy efficiency at FKE UTEM disposal is by exchanging on a few lamps near the entryway would be sufficient during dark clip. â€Å"Energy Audit in Block 3 in S & A ; T Tower towards Energy Efficiency in UiTM Shah Alam† [ 6 ] was carried out last twelvemonth. This Building can be divided into 3 blocks and 2 towers. By mentioning on the research Muhammad Azwan [ 6 ] , such research merely focused on the block 3 in S & A ; T edifice. From the work, block 3 has a two types of air-conditioning. The 1sttype of air-conditioning is centralized controlled by the hair-raiser. This type can be set automatically turn on and off. The 2neodymiumtype of air-conditioning is disconnected unit, these type can be controlled by manually. Each of schoolroom is fitted with type 1 and the offices with type 2 [ 6 ] . Besides that, harmonizing to the research Siti Nor Ayu [ 7 ] , â€Å"Energy Audit for Energy Efficiency at Facility Management Office in UiTM Shah Alam† was carried out 2 old ages ago. The edifice of the installation direction office in UiTM Shah Alam can be divided into 5 classs. This five classs office is under the installation direction and this all edifice comes from the one substation which are Pejabat Pengurusan Fasiliti ( PPF ) , Pejabat Pembangunan, Annex, Bahagian Khidmat Elektrikal dan Telekomunikasi ( BKET ) , Pembangunan dan Pengurusan Fasiliti ( ICT ) , Bilik Gerakan Krisis ( Cabin ) and Bendahari Zon 5. She found out that the entire energy used in UiTM is increasing every twelvemonth from the chief consumption since the establishment have big population. By mentioning on the research is conducted, she found that the energy ingestion can be reduced by implementing energy efficiency construct at the air conditioner, illuming, computing machines and other electrical contraptions. Besides that, she found that, the air conditoner is consumed the highest energy ingestion which is about 72 % of entire energy ingestion. So that, from this it can blow the electrical energy. She suggested to alter the gas from R22 gas to R22 cold gas. After iplementing this manner the energy ingestion by utilizing R22 cold gas for air conditioner is reduced [ 7 ] . 2.2ENERGY AUDIT Energy audit is an review or study and analysis and to place energy that been used in that edifice. Based on this energy audit, it is besides defined as the possible energy economy or energy direction [ 8 ] . Energy audit is one of the best methods to command the waste energy ingestion. Besides that, these energy audit is similar to fiscal accounting procedure, in which the procedure to analyze an energy history, look intoing the right manner energy is used and besides place which country can be minimized to cut down the wastage energy ingestion. 2.2.1Energy Audit Stages. These energy audit phases, can be categorized into two types that is, preliminary audit and inside informations audit. a )Preliminary Audit. Preliminary audit is the study based on the edifice. In other words, before the audit is performed, a complete checklist should be made. The list point must be considered in this audit energy includes:Lighting systemAir-conditioning SystemUtility measuresB )Detailss Audit. Detailss audit is carried out for the energy salvaging proposal recommended in preliminary audit. It will supply proficient solution options and economic analysis for the edifice direction to make up one's mind undertaking execution. A feasibleness survey will be required to find the viability of each option. 2.3Type OF TARIFF TNB USED Based on the duty TNB UiTM is classified in the commercial duty. The duty for commercial can be classified into two parts that is: Duty C1: Medium Voltage General Commercial. Duty C2: Average Voltage Peak/off-Peak Commercial. The whole edifice in UiTM Shah Alam used duty C1 but for the air conditioner duty C2 is used because the Air-Conditioner used the Thermal Energy Storage ( TES ) . 2.4Light System Lighting is one of the largest consumer of electricity in commercial edifice. About 41 per centum of electricity and 28 per centum of entire energy, consumed in the commercial sector is for illuming. In the residential sector, illuming energy usage is little though non fiddling, stand foring about 7 per centum of residential energy usage. Based on this fact, lighting is the major impact on energy in edifice or otherwise. A thorough study should be carried out to find the efficiency of the lighting system. This is, to obtain the lighting form agenda and to look into the lighting strength, so that it follows the Malaysians Standard ( MS-1525-2007 ) . 2.5AIR-CONDITIONER SYSTEM Air – conditioning can be defined as coincident mechanical control of temperature, humidness and air gesture. The chief map of all air –conditioning system is to supply thermic comfort for edifice residents. The system used for air-conditioner in the UiTM Shah Alam is the Thermal Energy Storage ( TES ) . Based on the duty TNB the TES system can be defined under the duty C2 that is, Medium Voltage Peak/off-Peak Commercial. Referred to the MS 1525:2007, the indoor design status of an air –conditioning infinite for comfort chilling should be as follows:Recommended design dry bulb temperature23?C -26?CMinimum dry bulb temperature22?CRecommended design comparative humidity55 % – 70 %Recommended air movement0.15 m/s – 0.50 m/sMaximum air movement0.70 m/s2.6VISUAL BASIC ( VB ) , GUI SOFTWARE In this undertaking, the package development is used as the measuring to analyze informations collected and to cipher the energy use of a edifice by utilizing GUI construct utilizing Visual Basic ( VB ) . This VB is the most popular and widely used programing linguistic communications available today. By this package, analysis can be done easy because the VB can associate the database with the Microsoft Excel and Access databases. By utilizing this VB it can besides back up a new scheduling technique called object – oriented scheduling ( OOP ) and traditional process – oriented programing [ 9 ] . Chapter3 Methodology 3.1FLOW CHART OF THE PROJECT Figure 3.1, shows the advancement of this undertaking from the beginning until this undertaking is completed. By mentioning this flow chart, it can be seen that this undertaking involves theoretical portion, practical portion and accomplishment to develop the package. In the theoretical portion, it deals with power quality of the system, energy direction and how to cut down the energy ingestion to increase the energy efficiency. Besides that, in practical portion it consists of walk through audit, informations aggregation and analysing the information by utilizing power analyser package by lading the information from equipment power analyser. The designation of country is the most of import portion, to find the chances of energy economy can run from simplest, such as illuming retrofits, to the most complex such as the installing of a substation. After the preliminary designation of chances, more clip should be spent on those which have shorter payback periods [ 10 ] . Furthermore, a reappraisal about Malayan Standard must be done. The MS 1525:2007 is the one guidelines for energy audit intents. The undermentioned stairss are involved in the informations aggregation:Walk-through audit. ( Determine the type of burden in the edifice concerned )Installing power analyser ( fluke’s metre ) at the DB of the specified edifice.Data aggregation for a certain figure of yearss including on the job yearss and weekends.Transfering the information into excel spreadsheet.Analyzing of informations collected.Last the Microsoft Visual Basic ( VB ) by implementing the GUI construct will be developed and cipher the energy use of the ed ifice. Figure 3.1: Flow Chart of the Undertaking.ActivitiesCalendar monthSeptember 2014October 2014November 2014December 2014January 2015February 2015March 2015April 2015May 2015June 2015July 2015MEET PROJECT SUPERVISORWEEK 2WEEK 3WEEK 4WEEK 1WEEK 2WEEK 3WEEK 4WEEK 1WEEK 2WEEK 3WEEK 4WEEK 1WEEK 2WEEK 3WEEK 4WEEK 1WEEK 2WEEK 3WEEK 4WEEK 1WEEK 2WEEK 3WEEK 4WEEK 1WEEK 2WEEK 3WEEK 4WEEK 1WEEK 2WEEK 3WEEK 4WEEK 1WEEK 2WEEK 3WEEK 4WEEK 1WEEK 2WEEK 3WEEK 4WEEK 1WEEK 2WEEK 3WEEK 4INITIAL PREPARATION FOR PROJECT TITLEPROPOSAL PREPARATION AND SUBMISSIONWEEK 1WEEK 2WEEK 3WEEK 4WEEK 1WEEK 2WEEK 3WEEK 4LITERATURE REVIEW AND PROJECT FINDINGWEEK 1WEEK 2WEEK 3WEEK 4WEEK 1WEEK 2WEEK 3WEEK 4WEEK 1WEEK 2WEEK 3WEEK 4WEEK 1WEEK 2WEEK 3WEEK 4Undertaking TESTING, EXPERIMENTAL, DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSISTechnical PAPER WRITING AND SUBMISSIONWEEK 1WEEK 2WEEK 3WEEK 4WEEK 1WEEK 2WEEK 3WEEK 4Undertaking PRESENTATIONWEEK 2DOCUMENTATION, THESIS WRITING AND SUBMISSIONWEEK 1WEEK 2WEEK 3WEEK 4WEEK 1WEEK 2WEEK 3WEEK 4WEEK 1WEEK 2WEEK 3WEEK 4WEEK 1WEEK 2WEEK 3WEEK 43.2GANT CHART FOR THE PROJECT Chapter4 EXPECTED RESULT 4.0EXPECTED RESULT Based on this undertaking, the expected consequence is to see the energy pattern use and it’s besides to analyze the form of the burden profile during working daies and vacation in the edifice. The expected consequence will demo the sum of energy ingestion and the entire cost for the energy during workday and vacation. GUI construct can be implemented to be use friendly and synergistic. From the form of the energy use, entire cost and the burden form in that edifice can be estimated. It is hoped that we can propose practical thoughts and activities to cut down the energy ingestion. Decision As a decision, it is hoped that it can assist the direction or the installation to pull off their electricity more efficient. Based on this undertaking, it can reason that by the execution of energy efficiency patterns can cut down the energy ingestion without impacting the human comfort. From this undertaking it can see there are many factors and that contribute to wastage energy such as human behaviour, the life-time of the equipment, and the operating clip the burden. These factors can lend to the waste energy. By the implement action of the package it can easy scrutinize the energy ingestion for farther hereafter analysis. Mentions [ 1 ] Retrived from online: hypertext transfer protocol: // www.energystar.gov/supplementalload [ 2 ] Retrived from online: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.greentechmalaysia.my [ 3 ] Yudelson, Jerry, â€Å"Green Buildings Today, † Chapter 1, The Green Building Revolution, Island Press, 2008 [ 4 ] Wayne C.Turner, â€Å" Energy direction enchiridion † . School of industrial Engineering And Management, Oklahoma State University,1996. [ 5 ] Mohd Azrin Bin Abdul Aziz, â€Å"Energy Efficiency at UTEM FKE.pdf, † Energy Efficiency At FKE Administration Block UTEM. May 2009, p. 10, 2009. [ 6 ] Muhamad Azwan Bin Abdul Aziz, â€Å"Energy Audit in Block 3 in S & A ; T Tower towards Energy Efficiency in UiTM Shah Alam† Jun 2013, p. 8, 2013. [ 7 ] Siti Nor Ayu, â€Å"Energy Audit For Energy Efficiency At Facility Management Office In Universiti Teknologi Mara, Shah Alam† July 2012, p.9, 2012. [ 8 ] Abdelaziz E.A. , Saidur R. , Mekhilef S. , 2011, A reappraisal on energy salvaging schemes in industrial sector, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 15: 150–68. [ 9 ] Norhayanie Roslan†Energy Saving Control System Application In Lecture Hall† November, 2008, p. 12, 2008. [ 10 ] Energy Audit Team â€Å"Energy Audit of Iit-Roorkee Campus† January 2010, p. 8, 2010.

Personal Learning And Thinking Skills Education Essay

The challenge of capturing Black Marias and heads when sing the hereafter or when prosecuting in statistical analysis is best tackled through duologue so that students can see and joint their thought and instructors can tap in to their logical thinking. With this in head, possibly a better start point might be:‘In this country it may rain tomorrow or it may non, and yet the chance that it will rain tomorrow is by and large non 50 % – discuss and explicate your believing with grounds. ‘The outlook that pupils back up the value they choose for a chance with grounds gives them the chance to uncover their apprehension. This sort of concluding with grounds demands to be modelled through critical duologue between the instructor and the students. One manner to assist students develop the accomplishments of logical thinking and account is to work more often on the mental facets of managing informations including chance. Explicit links can be made between the managing informations rhythm and the manner we work with chance. There are utile analogues with the rhythm both in illustrations where we use an experiment to happen the estimation for a chance or where we solve a job utilizing theoretical chances. In add-on instructors need to be after for treatments which compare theoretical and experimental methods: their rightness, drawbacks and advantages in peculiar fortunes. It is clear that accomplishment in utilizing fractions, decimals and per centums as portion of a chance computation demand to be considered as a precursor to undertaking chance jobs. In the chief, nevertheless, advancement in chance depends mostly on understanding thoughts, instead than geting farther accomplishments. Finally, as chance is an rating of what might go on in future, it is of import to carefully take linguistic communication so that the event described is placed in the hereafter. For illustration, ‘What is the chance that I will hit 7 on two dies? ‘ makes more sense to pupils than, ‘What is the chance that I scored 7 when I rolled two die? ‘Key ProceduresRepresenting: If students can stand for informations as portion of a statistical question so they are better positioned to go responsible citizens who can choose and sift information thoughtfully and utilize mathematics with assurance to inform decision-making. Representation is a major focal poin t of Probability, of import in binding together the determinations students make at the different phases. In a statistical question, stand foring is portion of about all elements of the managing informations rhythm. It involves: Proposing a job to see utilizing Probability methods, bordering inquiries and raising speculations Deciding what informations are relevant and identifying primary or secondary beginnings Planing ways of capturing the required informations, including understating beginnings of prejudice Making representations of the informations, including the usage of ICT, for illustration, tabular matter, grouping, arrays, diagrams and graphs.Analysing:Mathematical logical thinking is required at all phases of happening the chance of an event When stipulating and planning by working logically, placing restraints and sing available techniques ; besides by researching speculations and utilizing cognition of related jobs When roll uping informations by working consistently, researching the effects of changing values in state of affairss where there is random or systematic fluctuation when processing and stand foring informations, doing connexions within mathematics and placing forms and relationships, and doing usage of feedback from different audiences when construing and discoursing consequences, explicating and warranting illations drawn from the informations, recognizing the restrictions of any restraints or premises made ; utilizing feedback to reevaluate initial speculations and adjust facets of the managing informations rhythm. Using appropriate processs involves pull stringsing informations into suited signifiers for accurate representation, computation and communicating. This will affect supervising the truth of methods and solutions. Appropriate processs in a Probability question are: utilizing systematic methods for roll uping informations from primary and secondary beginnings. To build tabular array, diagrams, etc to show informations in an organized signifier. Calculating experimental and theoretical chances. Interpreting and measuring: Interpretation and measuring consequences is cardinal to any statistical and chance question. It includes: construing chances when measuring the likeliness of a peculiar result comparing distributions and doing illations looking at informations to happen forms and exclusions sing the effects of alterations to the informations ( e.g. taking outliers, adding points, doing relative alterations ) appreciating why the readings placed on informations have a grade of uncertainness and can be misdirecting Appreciating converting statements, but cognizing that these do non represent cogent evidence. Communicating and reflecting: Effective communicating and contemplation is of peculiar relevancy in statistics. It includes: fixing a brief study of a Probability question, utilizing tabular arraies, tree diagrams, etc to summarize informations and support readings and illations drawn from the informations utilizing precise linguistic communication to summarize cardinal characteristics pertinent to the speculations raised showing support for decisions in a scope of convincing signifiers showing a balanced decision where consequences are non converting Sing alternate attacks if consequences do non supply sufficient groundsRange and content:All my four chapters begin with usage of an empty figure line, and develop the construct of puting events on a graduated table along this line. I would wish to observe that there is a wholly separate, but no less interesting, narrative environing the advantages of utilizing a figure line to assist pupils form cardinal apprehension of graduated table and an thought of topographic point. In old ages 7 and 8 there is an accent on the linguistic communication of chance ( as mentioned earlier ) , and evidently there is a differing degree of complexness to the inquiries covered in each book, but basically we see a go oning metaphor and consistent type of inquiry. The basic paradigms of picking cards from a battalion and rolled die are used in all three books, and we see a gradual displacement towards jobs with more than one variable. Until twelvemonth 9 there is accent on the fact that a chance graduat ed table runs from 0 to 1, and work continues on use of simple fractions, whilst the twelvemonth 9 book assumes such cognition and moves into sing comparative frequence therefore associating back to discernible statistics. This seems critical to me, as we need to promote the inquiring of, and trying to understand, consequences, and I would possibly hold liked it to hold been included earlier. Finally, in old ages 8 and 9 students are expected to do usage of sample infinite diagrams, therefore supplying another graphical word picture of the chances of given results. Give students a choice of statements on cards and inquire them to sequence on a chance continuum such as this Sequencing events harmonizing to their chance can reenforce the utility of the chance line every bit good as stimulating treatment about the comparative opportunity of different events. The chance of acquiring at least one six when two dies are thrown The chance of acquiring a multiple of 3 when one die is thrown The chance of acquiring a tail and two caputs when three coins are flippedImpossible Unlikely Likely Certain0 1 The undertaking gives pattern in measuring an consciousness of the results which are possible in each context. Students may take to cipher or may wish to exemplify some of the results. Either will assist to warrant their ranking of the events relative to one another. We are sometimes expected to appreciate the opportunity of one event relation to the opportunity of another, rather different event, for illustration, ‘You are more likely to decease traversing the route thanaˆÂ ¦ ‘ Matching Associating different fortunes to a given chance is an activity based around the figure and coloring material of otherwise indistinguishable counters in a bag. This engages students in working out the possible figure and scope of colors of counters in a bag given a certain chance such as those shown below. Initially the work is in braces traveling to larger groups to portion thought. P ( Red ) = A? P ( Red ) = 1/2 and P ( Blue ) = A? P ( Red ) = 1/2 and P ( Blue ) = 1/4 P ( Blue ) = P ( Green ) P ( Blue ) = P ( Red ) and P ( Green ) = 1/2 P ( Red or Green ) = 2/5 P ( Yellow ) = 1/2 and there are 6 ruddy counters P ( Red ) = 3/7 and P ( Green ) = 1/3 P ( Green ) = 1/4 and there are at least 8 xanthous counters Together students should seek to happen as many ways as they can of reacting to the undertaking, discoursing consequences as a whole category with students taking on a critical function to spot similarities and differences between the solutions and to infer the of import characteristics of the counters in the bag in order to fulfill the given chance. In other words, the joint thought gives them the chance to generalize the solutions. To simplify the undertaking, the figure of possible colorss could be limited. To widen it, see giving the chance of an event non happening, for illustration P ( non Red ) = A? P ( Pink ) = 1/5 and there are 4 different colorss Which chair: trees to grouping subdivisions. This is a simple scenario which produces some unexpected consequences and so promotes farther believing about ciphering combinations of results. One student sits on the in-between chair of a row of seven: an indifferent coin is flipped a caput means move one chair to the left a tail means move one chair to the right. Repeat the procedure twice more. Pupils work in braces to reply the inquiry: How many of the chairs is it possible to complete on after the three somersaults of the coin? A ‘tree diagram ‘ could be used to construct on the motion and visual image to place all possible sets of motion. It is interesting to discourse with students how the two signifiers of diagram both illustrate different facets of the job ; see Resource sheet: Which chair? on page 67. The ability to happen and enter all possible results for consecutive events or a combination of two or more experiments is indispensable if students are to understand, happen and utilize chances or estimations for chances in more complex state of affairssUsing a chance factTwo bags A and B contain indistinguishable coloured regular hexahedrons. Each bag has the same figure of regular hexahedrons in it. An experiment consists of taking one regular hexahedron from the bag. The chance of taking a ruddy regular hexahedron from bag A is 0.5. The chance of taking a ruddy regular hexahedron from bag B is 0.2. All the regular hexahedrons are put in an empty new bag. What is the chance of taking a ruddy regular hexahedron out of the new bag? Students should separately compose down a ‘gut ‘ response and so compare their replies in little groups. The usage of specific illustrations to reply the above will be utile but students need to portion these and be encouraged to generalize. What happens if the chance of picking a ruddy regular hexahedron is the same for both bags? What happens if you change the chance of picking a ruddy regular hexahedron from each bag? What happens if you change the figure of ruddy regular hexahedrons in one bag? In both bags? All phases of this job demand that pupils place the facts environing a state of affairs. It has the possible to uncover misconceptions around chances of related events and offers the chance to generalize an result where the intuitive response is frequently wrong.Personal Learning and Thinking Skills ( PLTS ) :The Leading in larning programme has been developed as portion of the National Strategies Secondary support for whole-school betterment. My strategy of work is intentionally structured so that students look beyond capable confines to believing and larning more by and large. There is a focal point on specific believing abilities and to promote systematic development of believing accomplishments and transportation of larning across topics and to other facets of students ‘ lives. A cardinal apprehension of chance makes it likely to understand everything from bowling norms in cricket to the conditions study or your opportunities of being affected by snow! Probability is a important country in mathematics because the chance of Particular events go oning or non go oning can be critical to us in the existent universe. Today the Probability theory used to do intelligent determinations in economic sciences, Management, Operation Research, Sociology, Psychology, Astronomy, Physics, Engineering, and Genetics where hazards and uncertainness are involved to pull a decision about the likeliness of events or values. Here are given some illustrations of chance: – What are the opportunities that England Cricket squad will win the series? A A What is the Probability that it will rain tomorrow? What is the chance about stableness in Gas monetary values in following month? Planing for inclusion: Show how your strategy of work programs for inclusionvitamin E ) AppraisalWith Increased attending being paid to the consequences of national trial and external scrutiny statistics being published to measure the public presentation of schools, the possible value of appraisal for student is frequently overlooked. All excessively frequently assessment is seen as an impersonal, formal procedure which is done to students. Their advancement is measured, attributed a class or mark, and this is so reported to others the appraisal procedure appears to hold small value for the pupils themselves. However, if appraisal is to heighten larning so its formative intents must be emphasized. The students need to appreciate how the appraisal may lend to their acquisition and go involved in moving on the information which the appraisal has provided. My chief concern in measuring my students ‘ acquisition was the advancement of my efficaciousness in learning the subject. My appraisal, hence, needed to be effectual and consistent with the outlooks of student acquisition. Therefore Is have chosen formative appraisal as this would better kids ‘s acquisition. â€Å" The alone characteristic of formative appraisal is that the assessment information is used by both teacher and students to amend their work in order to do it more efficient. There is small point in roll uping information unless it can be acted upon, and since assessment information is certain to uncover heterogeneousness in the acquisition demands of a category, the action needed must include some signifier of differentiated instruction. † ( Professor Paul Black, 1995 ) My formative appraisal of my students ‘ advancement would include: Appraisal of descriptions and accounts given by students in both unwritten and written work. The medium for this appraisal would include mental maths, inquiries in category, category exercisings, prep and Plenary. Homework was set every Friday and collected in on Monday. As Tanner and Jones reference â€Å" Teachers appraisal of pupils work is basically an on-going and informal activity dwelling of inquiring inquiries, detecting activities or measuring advancement. For such appraisal to be formative there must be feedback into the learning procedure. † Therefore all the prep books were marked and given feedback on: A class, harmonizing to schools prep marker policy A general remark ( e.g. ‘untidy work ‘ ) An direction ( e.g. , ‘show your workings ‘ ) A specific marks which indicates what needs to be done following in order to better ( e.g. , ‘revise your 8x tabular array ‘ ; ) Correction of mistakes ( e.g. , in computation, spelling, method ) 2. Appraisals of single ‘s public presentation in pair/group work or whole category activities or treatment. This would be assessed harmonizing to: a ) Shared communicating which reflects student ‘s assurance with chance B ) Understanding of the job which reflects on the degree of the work ( utilizing traffic light signal ) degree Celsius ) Working on undertaking – which may be subjective by the propensity of my activities vitamin D ) Communication – utilizing linguistic communication of chance vitamin E ) Attitudes – which may be influenced by the context of the job The model for my formative appraisal was based on appraisal schemes adopted by the APU. I had considered merely those schemes which I thought would reassign easy into the schoolroom for naming or measuring the accomplishment of single students.

Strontium chloride hexahydrate Essay Example

Strontium chloride hexahydrate Essay Example Strontium chloride hexahydrate Paper Strontium chloride hexahydrate Paper The following are possible factors that may contribute to acheiving a higher yeild. Firstly, it is possible that there was contamination from outside sources, such as lint or dust particles that could have fallen into the drying precipitate. Secondly are impurities accumulated through water. Non-distilled water can contain many minerals and impurities , aswell as absorbing chemicals in the surrounding air which can skew results. According to the city of Ottawas website, there are many contaminants in water, the two of those being fluoride and chlorine. Fluoride is naturally present in the air and soil, and can dissolve into water. Chlorine is used by the city in the water to kill bacteria. Average tap water contains 0. 7 mg/L of fluoride and 100 ppb, or parts per billion of chlorine. These insignificant substances, in additions to those not named here, can change the way the reaction takes place. Thirdly is lingering moisture, which can be present because of thick acumulation of precipitate which causes moisture to remain at its center. Water could also be present due to outside sources, such as higher than normal humidity levels present in the laboratory or water bottle fights that may have taken place and interacted with the results. To validate this reasoning, another student who acheived a higher yeild, Yannick Brisebois notes in his analysis that he was closely located to the water fight, similarily to this experiment. Lastly, misreaction is another way the precipitate was higher than expected. The reactants could have possibly reacted with the levels of fluorine or chlorine in the water, as covered in the example above. Since perfect reactions are impossible, it is likely that some of the reactants were not used up in the reaction, and were left in the precipitate. This would increase the mass of the precipitate because both the strontium chloride and the copper sulphate were hydrates, which have a higher molar mass than the products because of the attached waters. For example, according to table 2, the masses of the reactants strontium chloride and copper sulphate are 266. 58 and 249. 62 g/mol respectively, while the precipitate, strontium sulphate only has a molar mass od 183. 64. Any ammount of extra reactant would weigh down the mass of the precipitate. 3. The following steps were taken to ensure the reaction went to completion. First, the ammount of transfers were kept to a minimum in order to preserve as much of the orginal reactants as possible. Multiple transfers can cause reactants or precipitate to adhere to the walls of the beakers or the funnel. There are only two transfers present in this procedure. Second, the solutions were dissolved into aqeous solutions to facilitate a reaction and increase the ammount of reaction taking place. Without a solution, the two substances would not have reacted in a solid state. Solutions also increase the likeliness of the most possible reaction, because of its containment, as opposed to a gas, and the potion of the particles within, unlike a solid. Both reactants were dissolved into water in order to maximise the reaction and ensure it took place. The reaction was finally stirred for a mintute to maximise the reaction. The stirring added heat and motion, which is another form of heat, which allows more reactant to react properly. The heat increases the speed at which the particles move within the liquid, which leads to more collisions, and finally more reaction taking place. Finally, the original beakers and the funnel were washed down with water and passed through the filter to ensure all possible remaining reactant had been added to the apparatus. Refrences: 1. Nelson 11 Chemistry (2005) 2. http://ottawa. ca/en/env_water/water_sewer/water_wells/quality/facts/index. html 3. http://sargentwelch. com/pdf/msds/Strontium_Chloride_6-Hydrate_723. 00. pdf  https://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9923597

Food Culture Essay Example

Food Culture Essay Example Food Culture Essay Food Culture Essay Essay Topic: Like Water for Chocolate Food Culture Name: Course: Institution: : Instructor: Date: Food Culture Sydney is famous for its culinary variety and expertise. It is famous for combining commercially prepared food with fresh ingredients. Many of the world’s best chefs are said to come from Australia, and this is given by the fact that they provide the best seafood dishes. The budding food culture in Sydney is considered adventurous because of its growing preference amongst the locals and tourists, as well. Australian cuisine is currently one of the most dynamic cuisines in the world thanks to immigration and a public willing to try out new things in matters culinary. Prominent gourmands from different places around the world such as New York and Paris are known to frequent Sydney to share and learn culinary tricks. These chefs bring with them fresh ideas that the locals are starting to appreciate and like. This had enhanced the dining standards in Sydney making Australian chefs, recipe books and food writers sought after abroad (Ver et al, 2008). The mixture of cultures in Sydney has given birth to the development of diverse food cultures in the region. There is a new frenzy in Sydney, which is Cake Wine. This notion is about pairing the best music and art pieces with wine. This innovative idea is different from the cliche perceptions where winemakers are always thinking of what foods to pair with their wines. The founders of Cake felt the need to initiate this notion into the market after looking for something different in bottle shops and not finding it. They said, â€Å"We didn’t see a wine brand that was speaking to us and the generation who are interested in what we call ‘creative culture’† (Shanti, 2012). They are using sauvignon Blanc and cabaret merlot as canvases for the imaginative works of other artists. Beci Orpin’s art work in on the white while the red has Kill Pixie’s work. These are all ways aimed at improving their love for creativity and culture using wine. Wine enthusiasts are thus encouraged to partake in wine tasting events and functions but not to develop into connoisseurs. Taking Cake is an establishment of oneself as a lover of culture, music, art and food. Sydneysiders who have embraced this new form of drinking, have shown appreciation for innovative ideas in linking drinks and culture instead of the usual food and cultures to which they are used. Wine enthusiasts from all over the world have traveled to Sydney to sample this new phenomenon, and the results of these experiences have been impressive. It is said that taking Cake attaches an individual to Sydney music and street art. However, this idea came about after extensive traveling to carry out research in the whole of Australia about wines, before they settled on the two wines with which to work. The story behind the selected wines is purely because they were found in the oldest winery in Adelaide Hills. Cake wines are not too strong and lack opinions. Cake drinkers appreciate the lightness of the wines and the fact that they are light and easy to drink. They are wines that are bought and enjoyed without second thoughts. These wines are considered ideal for after-work relaxation periods and weekend getaways. Cake drinkers are also associated with their affection for creativity and freedom; they are a new generation of drinkers who do not give in to making compromises in life. Cake creators like to call their customers as people who â€Å"want their cake and eat it too† (Shanti, 2012). This means that they are adventurous and open to new cultural ideas. Cake can be found in around Sydney in 60 stockists and is sold at music festivals, galleries and cinemas. This is because most of its clientele is music and art lovers from Sydney and the world over. There are plans to engage new wines into the Cake business in the near future, namely pinot noir and pinot grigio. These wines will also be adorned with labels by a fresh breed of artists. One of the fastest selling Cake wines is the Layer Cake Shiraz. It is known for its exotic taste at the nose with hints of mint, dark chocolate, eucalyptus and mulberry. Customers notice on their palates the slight notes of dark chocolate, oak and black currant. It has been to have a slight touch of bitter tannin on the finish, making it a favorite of many. The Sauvignon Blanc is well balanced with stinging natural acidity leaving a mouthwateringly crisp finish. It is also made with hints of citrus and bright tropical notes and an allure of passion fruit. The pinot noir is expected to have a clean, delicate taste of cherry juice, blueberry fruits and plum flavors. The pinot grigio will possess precision in acidity leaving a crisp finish just like the Sauvignon Blanc. Sydneysiders are increasingly embracing the new culture that is Cake wines, and this has boosted their economic and social lives, as more tourists flock the region to have a taste of this innovative sensation. As the rest of the world embraces food cultures, Australia leads in this venture as it continues to celebrate biodiversity in its culinary cultures and its growing popularity in some of the world’s most legendary destinations. Customer experiences associated with Cake are linked to the love of creativity in culture and giving back to the community. Twenty-five cents from every bottle purchased go to FBI Radio, a community radio station. Cake also has connections with Inertia, a music label that provides appropriate soundtracks and ‘limited-edition vinyls’ to Cake-drinkers (Shanti, 2012). The Cake team supports drinkers of wine and artists of different calibers through their wine and promotional events. The main aim of the Cake team is not to contemporize the bottle labels but rather to contribute to the culture. In their words, the Cake team says, â€Å"we want to be different, we want to give back and support the culture that we love, this goes well beyond putting a pretty piece of art on your label† (Shanti, 2012).

To write a paper assuming we don't know much about the industry, firm, Research

To write a assuming we don't know much about the industry, firm, product, etc - Research Paper Example Generally, economic recessions are a result of a decline in GDP growth, which is itself caused by a slowdown in manufacturing orders, falling housing prices and sales, and a drop-off in business investment. But the fundamental question is- what causes the slowdown in the first place? While few predicted the financial catastrophe, almost everyone has an explanation as to why it happened. Although it is important to note that recessions are a result of different factors as each has its own specific causes, all of them are usually preceded by a period of irrational exuberance. Before we look at the causes of the recent economic recession, it would be logical to first of all look at some of the reasons that led to the Great Depression, if for anything, see if some of the causes recur. Stock Market Crash In the 1920s, the economy was developing at a very high rate due to the birth of many businesses and companies. As a result, there was an increased supply of money and individuals investe d their surplus in the stock market. On September 3, 1929 the stock market peaked, closing at a record of 381.17. Trading volume was 444,000 shares. At the end of the same month, the market closed at 343- a 10% decline. On Monday, October 29, 16.4% shares traded and the markets fell by an 11.5% margin. The markets closed at 230.17 by that time, down 40% from its all time high. Reports indicate that in a single day investors lost 14 billion dollars and by the end of 1929, 40 billion dollars was lost. This crash put a lot of pressure on banks and caused a lot of money to be taken out of the economy. The stock market bubble finally burst on October 24, 1929 as investors began dumping shares en masse. On a day referred to as â€Å"Black Thursday†, a record 12.9 million shares were traded that day and five days later, on "Black Tuesday" 16 million shares were traded. This was after another wave of panic swept Wall Street. Millions of shares were rendered worthless, and those inves tors who had borrowed money to buy stocks were wiped out completely. Federal Reserve’s Role during the Great Depression In most cases, recession is a result of inflation but in this case it was caused by deflation. Cycles of ups and downs in the economy are normal. One of the reasons strongly touted as being the cause of the Great Depression was the increase in interest rates by the government. The rates increased, from 3.5% in 1929 to 5%. Upon increasing the rates, the government failed to act to stabilize or increase the money supply. In fact, between 1929 and 1933, the supply of money fell by 30%. This led to deflation. Bank Failures At the time there was alot of fear that banks would collapse since, there were no guarantees on cash at the bank. As more and more people panicked, there was a massive run to the banks to pull money out and some banks were not able to fulfill the requests for withdrawal and closed their doors. As banks collapsed, very many people lost their mo ney. More panic followed as people lost their money and banks collapsed. This rush to withdraw money created a domino effect. There was no confidence in the banks and people resorted to keeping their money under their matresses. Reports indicate that during that period, over 9,000 banks failed. Insurance policies were not as advanced as to cover deposits and thus as banks failed people simply lost their savings. For the few surviving banks, unsure of the economic